沼兰Malaxis monophyllos
中文名（Chinese Name）：沼兰
学名（Scientific Name）：Malaxis monophyllos (Linn.) Sw.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：小柱兰、沼兰、一叶兰
异名（Synonym）：Liparis japonica (Miq.) Maxim. Liparis elongata Fukuy. Malaxis muscifera var. stelostachya T. Tang et F. T. Wang Microstylis yunnanensis Schltr. Microstylis arisanensis Hayata Malaxis arisanensis (Hayata) S. Y. Hu Malaxis yunnanensis (Schltr.) T. Tang et F. T. Wang Malaxis yunnanensis var. nematophylla T. Tang et F. T. Wang Malaxis taiwaniana S. S. Ying Liparis pauciflora Rolfe Microstylis japonica Miq. Microstylis monophyllos (L.) Lindl. Microstylis cylindrostachya (Lindl.) Rchb. f. :Schltr Liparis giraldiana Kraenzl. ex Diels Liparis lilifolia L. C. Rich.:Kom. Achroanthes monophylla (L.) Greene Leptorkis japonica (Miq.) Kuntze Liparis derchiensis S.S.Ying Epipactis monophylla (L.) F.W.Schmidt Achroanthes monophyllos (L.) Greene Leptorchis japonica (Maxim.) Kuntze
科属（Family & Genus）：兰科（Orchidaceae）原沼兰属
形态特征（Description）：地生草本。假鳞茎卵形，较小，通常长6-8毫米，直径4-5毫米，外被白色的薄膜质鞘。叶通常1枚，较少2枚，斜立，卵形、长圆形或近椭圆形，长2.5-7.5(-12)厘米，宽1-3 (-6.5）厘米，先端钝或近急尖，基部收狭成柄；叶柄多少鞘状，长3-6.5(-8)厘米，抱茎或上部离生。花葶直立，长(9-) 15-40厘米，除花序轴外近无翅；总状花序长4-12（-20)厘米，具数十朵或更多的花；花苞片披针形，长2-2.5毫米；花梗和子房长2.5-4(-6)毫米；花小，较密集，淡黄绿色至淡绿色；中萼片披针形或狭卵状披针形，长2-4毫米，宽0.8-1.2毫米，先端长渐尖，具1脉；侧萼片线状披针形，略狭于中萼片，亦具1脉；花瓣近丝状或极狭的披针形，长1.5-3.5毫米，宽约0.3毫米；唇瓣长3-4毫米，先端骤然收狭而成线状披针形的尾（中裂片）；唇盘近圆形、宽卵形或扁圆形，中央略凹陷，两侧边缘变为肥厚并具疣状突起，基部两侧有一对钝圆的短耳；蕊柱粗短，长约0.5毫米。蒴果倒卵形或倒卵状椭圆形，长6-7毫米，宽约4毫米；果梗长2.5-3毫米。花果期7-8月。
分布（Distribution）：产东北、内蒙古、河北、山西、陕西、甘肃、山东、河南、四川、贵州、云南和西藏。生于海拔1100～2750米林下、灌丛中或草地荫蔽处。日本、朝鲜半岛和俄罗斯也有分布。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 25 Page 216, 229
Malaxis monophyllos (Linnaeus) Swartz, Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 21: 234. 1800.
原沼兰 yuan zhao lan| Orchidaceae | Malaxis
Ophrys monophyllos Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 947. 1753; Achroanthes monophylla (Linnaeus) Greene; Epipactis monophylla (Linnaeus) F. W. Schmidt; Malaxis arisanensis (Hayata) S. Y. Hu; M. muscifera (Lindley) Kuntze var. stelostachya Tang & F. T. Wang; M. taiwaniana S. S. Ying; M. yunnanensis (Schlechter) Tang & F. T. Wang; M. yunnanensis var. nematophylla Tang & F. T. Wang; Microstylis arisanensis Hayata; M. monophyllos (Linnaeus) Lindley; M. yunnanensis Schlechter.
Plants terrestrial. Pseudobulbs ovoid, relatively small, usually 6-8 × 4-5 mm, ± enclosed in white membranous sheaths. Leaf 1 or rarely 2, ovate, oblong, or subelliptic, 2.5-7.5(-12) × 1-3(-6.5) cm, base contracted into ± amplexicaul petiole 3-6.5(-8) cm, apex obtuse or subacute. Inflorescence erect, (9-)15-40 cm, many flowered; rachis 4-12(-20) cm, narrowly winged; floral bracts 2-2.5 mm, lanceolate. Flowers pale yellowish green to pale green, small; pedicel and ovary 2.5-4(-6) mm. Dorsal sepal lanceolate or narrowly ovate-lanceolate, 2-4 × 0.8-1.4 mm, 1-veined, apex long acuminate; lateral sepals linear-lanceolate, 2-4 × 0.7-1.2 mm, 1-veined. Petals filiform or narrowly lanceolate, 1.5-3.5 × ca. 0.3 mm; lip ovate-triangular, 3-4 mm, caudate; disk broadly ovate or oblate, slightly concave, margin thickened and verrucose, base with a pair of short auricles on each side. Column ca. 0.5 mm, stout. Capsule obovoid or obovoid-ellipsoid, 6-7 × ca. 4 mm; fruiting pedicel 2.5-3 mm. Fl. and fr. Jul-Aug. 2n = 28, 30, 60.
Forests, thickets, grassy slopes; 800-2400 m (2500-4100 m in NW Yunnan and Xizang). Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, W Yunnan [Japan, Korea, Russia; Europe, North America].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Malaxis monophyllos (Linn.) Sw.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：小柱兰、沼兰、一叶兰
异名（Synonym）：Liparis japonica (Miq.) Maxim. Liparis elongata Fukuy. Malaxis muscifera var. stelostachya T. Tang et F. T. Wang Microstylis yunnanensis Schltr. Microstylis arisanensis Hayata Malaxis arisanensis (Hayata) S. Y. Hu Malaxis yunnanensis (Schltr.) T. Tang et F. T. Wang Malaxis yunnanensis var. nematophylla T. Tang et F. T. Wang Malaxis taiwaniana S. S. Ying Liparis pauciflora Rolfe Microstylis japonica Miq. Microstylis monophyllos (L.) Lindl. Microstylis cylindrostachya (Lindl.) Rchb. f. :Schltr Liparis giraldiana Kraenzl. ex Diels Liparis lilifolia L. C. Rich.:Kom. Achroanthes monophylla (L.) Greene Leptorkis japonica (Miq.) Kuntze Liparis derchiensis S.S.Ying Epipactis monophylla (L.) F.W.Schmidt Achroanthes monophyllos (L.) Greene Leptorchis japonica (Maxim.) Kuntze
科属（Family & Genus）：兰科（Orchidaceae）原沼兰属
形态特征（Description）：地生草本。假鳞茎卵形，较小，通常长6-8毫米，直径4-5毫米，外被白色的薄膜质鞘。叶通常1枚，较少2枚，斜立，卵形、长圆形或近椭圆形，长2.5-7.5(-12)厘米，宽1-3 (-6.5）厘米，先端钝或近急尖，基部收狭成柄；叶柄多少鞘状，长3-6.5(-8)厘米，抱茎或上部离生。花葶直立，长(9-) 15-40厘米，除花序轴外近无翅；总状花序长4-12（-20)厘米，具数十朵或更多的花；花苞片披针形，长2-2.5毫米；花梗和子房长2.5-4(-6)毫米；花小，较密集，淡黄绿色至淡绿色；中萼片披针形或狭卵状披针形，长2-4毫米，宽0.8-1.2毫米，先端长渐尖，具1脉；侧萼片线状披针形，略狭于中萼片，亦具1脉；花瓣近丝状或极狭的披针形，长1.5-3.5毫米，宽约0.3毫米；唇瓣长3-4毫米，先端骤然收狭而成线状披针形的尾（中裂片）；唇盘近圆形、宽卵形或扁圆形，中央略凹陷，两侧边缘变为肥厚并具疣状突起，基部两侧有一对钝圆的短耳；蕊柱粗短，长约0.5毫米。蒴果倒卵形或倒卵状椭圆形，长6-7毫米，宽约4毫米；果梗长2.5-3毫米。花果期7-8月。
分布（Distribution）：产东北、内蒙古、河北、山西、陕西、甘肃、山东、河南、四川、贵州、云南和西藏。生于海拔1100～2750米林下、灌丛中或草地荫蔽处。日本、朝鲜半岛和俄罗斯也有分布。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 25 Page 216, 229
Malaxis monophyllos (Linnaeus) Swartz, Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 21: 234. 1800.
原沼兰 yuan zhao lan| Orchidaceae | Malaxis
Ophrys monophyllos Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 947. 1753; Achroanthes monophylla (Linnaeus) Greene; Epipactis monophylla (Linnaeus) F. W. Schmidt; Malaxis arisanensis (Hayata) S. Y. Hu; M. muscifera (Lindley) Kuntze var. stelostachya Tang & F. T. Wang; M. taiwaniana S. S. Ying; M. yunnanensis (Schlechter) Tang & F. T. Wang; M. yunnanensis var. nematophylla Tang & F. T. Wang; Microstylis arisanensis Hayata; M. monophyllos (Linnaeus) Lindley; M. yunnanensis Schlechter.
Plants terrestrial. Pseudobulbs ovoid, relatively small, usually 6-8 × 4-5 mm, ± enclosed in white membranous sheaths. Leaf 1 or rarely 2, ovate, oblong, or subelliptic, 2.5-7.5(-12) × 1-3(-6.5) cm, base contracted into ± amplexicaul petiole 3-6.5(-8) cm, apex obtuse or subacute. Inflorescence erect, (9-)15-40 cm, many flowered; rachis 4-12(-20) cm, narrowly winged; floral bracts 2-2.5 mm, lanceolate. Flowers pale yellowish green to pale green, small; pedicel and ovary 2.5-4(-6) mm. Dorsal sepal lanceolate or narrowly ovate-lanceolate, 2-4 × 0.8-1.4 mm, 1-veined, apex long acuminate; lateral sepals linear-lanceolate, 2-4 × 0.7-1.2 mm, 1-veined. Petals filiform or narrowly lanceolate, 1.5-3.5 × ca. 0.3 mm; lip ovate-triangular, 3-4 mm, caudate; disk broadly ovate or oblate, slightly concave, margin thickened and verrucose, base with a pair of short auricles on each side. Column ca. 0.5 mm, stout. Capsule obovoid or obovoid-ellipsoid, 6-7 × ca. 4 mm; fruiting pedicel 2.5-3 mm. Fl. and fr. Jul-Aug. 2n = 28, 30, 60.
Forests, thickets, grassy slopes; 800-2400 m (2500-4100 m in NW Yunnan and Xizang). Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, W Yunnan [Japan, Korea, Russia; Europe, North America].
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