美冠兰 Eulophia graminea
中文名（Chinese Name）：美冠兰
学名（Scientific Name）：Eulophia graminea Lindl.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Eulophia gusukumai Masam. Eulophia venusta Schltr. Eulophia sinensis Miq. Graphorchis graminea (Lindl.) Kuntze Eulophia decipiens Kurz Eulophia gusukumae Masam. Eulophia inconspicua Griff. Eulophia ucbii Malhotra & Balodi Graphorkis decipiens (Kurz) Kuntze Graphorkis graminea (Lindl.) Kuntze Graphorkis inconspicua (Griff.) Kuntze Graphorchis decipiens (Kurz) Kuntze Graphorchis inconspicua (Griff.) Kuntze
科属（Family & Genus）：兰科（Orchidaceae）美冠兰属
形态特征（Description）：假鳞茎卵球形、圆锥形、长圆形或近球形，长3-7厘米，直径2-4厘米，直立，常带绿色，多少露出地面，上部有数节，有时多个假鳞茎聚生成簇团，直径达20-30 厘米。叶3-5枚，在花全部凋萎后出现，线形或线状披针形，长13-35厘米，宽7-10毫米，先端渐尖，基部收狭成柄；叶柄套叠而成短的假茎，外有数枚鞘。花葶从假鳞茎一侧节上发出，高43-65厘米或更高，中部以下有数枚鞘；鞘长1.5-3.5厘米；总状花序直立，长20-40厘米，常有1-2个侧分枝，疏生多数花；花苞片草质，线状披针形，长4-8毫米，宽约2毫米，先端长渐尖；花梗和子房长1.5-1.9厘米；花橄榄绿色，唇瓣白色而具淡紫红色褶片；中萼片倒披针状线形，长1.1-1.3厘米，宽1.5-2毫米，先端渐尖；侧萼片与中萼片相似，常略斜歪而稍大；花瓣近狭卵形，长9-10毫米，宽2.5-3毫米，先端短渐尖；唇瓣近倒卵形或长圆形，长9-10毫米，3裂；侧裂片较小；中裂片近圆形，长4-5毫米；唇盘上有（3-）5条纵褶片，从基部延伸至中裂片上，从接近中裂片开始一直到中裂片上褶片均分裂成流苏状；基部的距圆筒状或后期略呈棒状（因中部缢缩而末端较粗），长3-3.5毫米，常略向前弯曲；蕊柱长4-5毫米（不连花药），无蕊柱足。蒴果下垂，椭圆形，长2.5-3厘米，宽约1厘米；果梗长约1厘米。花期4-5月，果期5-6月。
分布（Distribution）：产安徽、台湾、广东、香港、海南、广西、贵州和云南。生于海拔900～1200米疏林中草地上、山坡阳处、海边沙滩林中。东南亚及日本琉球群岛也有。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 25 Page 253, 254, 255
Eulophia graminea Lindley, Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 182. 1833.
美冠兰 mei guan lan| Orchidaceae | Eulophia
Eulophia decipiens Kurz; E. gusukumae Masamune; E. inconspicua Griffith; E. ramosa Hayata (1911), not Ridley (1885); E. sinensis Miquel; E. ucbii Malhotra & Balodi; E. venusta Schlechter; Graphorkis decipiens (Kurz) Kuntze; G. graminea (Lindley) Kuntze; G. inconspicua (Griffith) Kuntze.
Plants autotrophic, 40-80 cm tall. Pseudobulb borne above ground, erect, ovoid, conic, oblong, or subglobose, 3-7 × 2-4 cm, several noded, sometimes present in large numbers and forming clusters to 20-30 cm in diam. Leaves 3-5, present at or emerging after anthesis, linear to linear-lanceolate, 13-35 × 0.7-1 cm, apex acuminate; petiole-like stalk enclosed in several basal sheaths and forming a pseudostem. Inflorescence racemose or occasionally 1- or 2-branched and paniculate, 40-75 cm, slender, with several scattered sheaths 1.5-3.5 cm; rachis 12-40 cm, laxly 4- to more than 10-flowered; floral bracts linear-lanceolate, 4-8 × ca. 2 mm, shorter than ovary, apex acuminate. Flowers medium-sized, to ca. 30 mm in diam.; sepals and petals olive-green with dark green venation, lip white with purplish red lamellae; pedicel and ovary 15-20 mm. Dorsal sepal narrowly oblong to oblanceolate, 11-15 × 1.5-3 mm, apex acuminate; lateral sepals similar to dorsal sepal, usually slightly longer and slightly oblique. Petals reflexed above middle, narrowly ovate, 9-10 × 2.5-3 mm, apex shortly acuminate; lip subobovate-oblong, 9-10 × 4-5 mm, spurred at base, 3-lobed at or below middle; lateral lobes small; mid-lobe orbicular, 4-5 × 4-5 mm, apex with an acute mucro; disk with (3 or)5 longitudinal lamellae, extending from base of lip almost to apex of mid-lobe, divided into fimbriate fringes on mid-lobe, white tinged purplish red; spur usually curving forward, cylindric or slightly clavate, 3-3.5 mm, apex acute to obtuse. Column 4-5 mm, without a column foot. Capsule pendulous, ellipsoid, 25-30 × ca. 10 mm. Fl. Apr-May, fr. May-Jun. 2n = 42, 48, 56.
Grassy places in open forests, open slopes, disturbed grasslands, forests along sandy beaches, coastal grasslands; 900-2100 m. Anhui, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan [India, Indonesia, Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Eulophia graminea Lindl.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Eulophia gusukumai Masam. Eulophia venusta Schltr. Eulophia sinensis Miq. Graphorchis graminea (Lindl.) Kuntze Eulophia decipiens Kurz Eulophia gusukumae Masam. Eulophia inconspicua Griff. Eulophia ucbii Malhotra & Balodi Graphorkis decipiens (Kurz) Kuntze Graphorkis graminea (Lindl.) Kuntze Graphorkis inconspicua (Griff.) Kuntze Graphorchis decipiens (Kurz) Kuntze Graphorchis inconspicua (Griff.) Kuntze
科属（Family & Genus）：兰科（Orchidaceae）美冠兰属
形态特征（Description）：假鳞茎卵球形、圆锥形、长圆形或近球形，长3-7厘米，直径2-4厘米，直立，常带绿色，多少露出地面，上部有数节，有时多个假鳞茎聚生成簇团，直径达20-30 厘米。叶3-5枚，在花全部凋萎后出现，线形或线状披针形，长13-35厘米，宽7-10毫米，先端渐尖，基部收狭成柄；叶柄套叠而成短的假茎，外有数枚鞘。花葶从假鳞茎一侧节上发出，高43-65厘米或更高，中部以下有数枚鞘；鞘长1.5-3.5厘米；总状花序直立，长20-40厘米，常有1-2个侧分枝，疏生多数花；花苞片草质，线状披针形，长4-8毫米，宽约2毫米，先端长渐尖；花梗和子房长1.5-1.9厘米；花橄榄绿色，唇瓣白色而具淡紫红色褶片；中萼片倒披针状线形，长1.1-1.3厘米，宽1.5-2毫米，先端渐尖；侧萼片与中萼片相似，常略斜歪而稍大；花瓣近狭卵形，长9-10毫米，宽2.5-3毫米，先端短渐尖；唇瓣近倒卵形或长圆形，长9-10毫米，3裂；侧裂片较小；中裂片近圆形，长4-5毫米；唇盘上有（3-）5条纵褶片，从基部延伸至中裂片上，从接近中裂片开始一直到中裂片上褶片均分裂成流苏状；基部的距圆筒状或后期略呈棒状（因中部缢缩而末端较粗），长3-3.5毫米，常略向前弯曲；蕊柱长4-5毫米（不连花药），无蕊柱足。蒴果下垂，椭圆形，长2.5-3厘米，宽约1厘米；果梗长约1厘米。花期4-5月，果期5-6月。
分布（Distribution）：产安徽、台湾、广东、香港、海南、广西、贵州和云南。生于海拔900～1200米疏林中草地上、山坡阳处、海边沙滩林中。东南亚及日本琉球群岛也有。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 25 Page 253, 254, 255
Eulophia graminea Lindley, Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 182. 1833.
美冠兰 mei guan lan| Orchidaceae | Eulophia
Eulophia decipiens Kurz; E. gusukumae Masamune; E. inconspicua Griffith; E. ramosa Hayata (1911), not Ridley (1885); E. sinensis Miquel; E. ucbii Malhotra & Balodi; E. venusta Schlechter; Graphorkis decipiens (Kurz) Kuntze; G. graminea (Lindley) Kuntze; G. inconspicua (Griffith) Kuntze.
Plants autotrophic, 40-80 cm tall. Pseudobulb borne above ground, erect, ovoid, conic, oblong, or subglobose, 3-7 × 2-4 cm, several noded, sometimes present in large numbers and forming clusters to 20-30 cm in diam. Leaves 3-5, present at or emerging after anthesis, linear to linear-lanceolate, 13-35 × 0.7-1 cm, apex acuminate; petiole-like stalk enclosed in several basal sheaths and forming a pseudostem. Inflorescence racemose or occasionally 1- or 2-branched and paniculate, 40-75 cm, slender, with several scattered sheaths 1.5-3.5 cm; rachis 12-40 cm, laxly 4- to more than 10-flowered; floral bracts linear-lanceolate, 4-8 × ca. 2 mm, shorter than ovary, apex acuminate. Flowers medium-sized, to ca. 30 mm in diam.; sepals and petals olive-green with dark green venation, lip white with purplish red lamellae; pedicel and ovary 15-20 mm. Dorsal sepal narrowly oblong to oblanceolate, 11-15 × 1.5-3 mm, apex acuminate; lateral sepals similar to dorsal sepal, usually slightly longer and slightly oblique. Petals reflexed above middle, narrowly ovate, 9-10 × 2.5-3 mm, apex shortly acuminate; lip subobovate-oblong, 9-10 × 4-5 mm, spurred at base, 3-lobed at or below middle; lateral lobes small; mid-lobe orbicular, 4-5 × 4-5 mm, apex with an acute mucro; disk with (3 or)5 longitudinal lamellae, extending from base of lip almost to apex of mid-lobe, divided into fimbriate fringes on mid-lobe, white tinged purplish red; spur usually curving forward, cylindric or slightly clavate, 3-3.5 mm, apex acute to obtuse. Column 4-5 mm, without a column foot. Capsule pendulous, ellipsoid, 25-30 × ca. 10 mm. Fl. Apr-May, fr. May-Jun. 2n = 42, 48, 56.
Grassy places in open forests, open slopes, disturbed grasslands, forests along sandy beaches, coastal grasslands; 900-2100 m. Anhui, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan [India, Indonesia, Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam].
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