云南叉柱兰 Cheirostylis yunnanensis

中文名(Chinese Name):云南叉柱兰
学名(Scientific Name):Cheirostylis yunnanensis Rolfe
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):
异名(Synonym):
科属(Family & Genus):兰科(Orchidaceae)叉柱兰属
形态特征(Description):植株高10-20厘米。根状茎匍匐,肉质,粗壮,具节,呈毛虫状。茎圆柱形,直立或近直立,淡绿色,基部具2-3枚叶。叶片卵形,绿色,膜质,长1.5-3.5厘米,宽0.8-2厘米,先端急尖,基部近圆形,骤狭成柄;叶柄短,长6-10毫米,下部扩大成抱茎的鞘。花茎顶生,被毛,具3-4枚鞘状苞片;总状花序具2-5朵花,长1.5-2.5厘米;花苞片卵形,凹陷,长5-6.5毫米,先端渐尖,背面被毛,较子房短;子房圆柱状纺锤形,被毛,具花梗,连花梗长7-9毫米;花小;萼片长5-6.5毫米,膜质,近中部合生成筒状,萼筒外面下部被疏的毛,筒长2.5-3.5毫米,分离部分为三角状卵形,长2.5-3毫米,先端近钝,均具1脉;花瓣白色,膜质,偏斜,弯曲,狭倒披针状长圆形,长5-6.5毫米,上部宽1.5-1.8毫米,先端钝,全缘或有时具2-3枚浅的钝齿,具1脉,与中萼片紧贴;唇瓣白色,直立,长10-12毫米,基部稍扩大,囊状,囊内两侧各具1枚梳状、扁平、具3-4枚齿的胼胝体,中部收狭成爪,爪长约4毫米,上具2条褶片,前部极扩大,扇形,长5-6毫米,2裂,2裂片平展时宽6-8毫米,裂片边缘具5-7枚不整齐的齿;蕊柱短,长约2.5毫米,蕊柱的2枚臂状附属物直立,与蕊喙的2裂片近等长;柱头2个,大,位于蕊喙的基部两侧。花期3-4月。
分布(Distribution):产湖南、广东、海南、广西、四川、贵州、云南。生于海拔200~1100米山坡或沟旁林下阴处地上或覆有土的岩石上。越南也有。
用途(Use):
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 25 Page 58, 61      
Cheirostylis yunnanensis Rolfe, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew. 1896: 201. 1896.
云南叉柱兰 yun nan cha zhu lan| Orchidaceae  | Cheirostylis
Cheirostylis josephii Schlechter; C. munnacampensis A. N. Rao; C. pabongensis Lucksom.
Plants 10-18 cm tall. Rhizome moniliform, 1-3.5 × 0.6-1.5 cm; roots in broad, raised bands along rhizome internodes. Stem pale green, usually less than 1 cm, 2- or 3-leaved. Leaves congested, often withered or absent at anthesis, green, ovate, 1.5-3.5 × 0.8-2 cm, membranous, base subrounded, apex acute; petiole-like base and sheath 0.6-1.5 cm. Inflorescence 8-16 cm, sparsely villous, with 3 or 4 sterile bracts; rachis 0.4-2 cm, 2-5(-10)-flowered; floral bracts ovate, concave, 5-6.5 mm, shorter than ovary, abaxially villous, apex acuminate. Flowers often erect; ovary cylindric-fusiform, 7-9 mm including pedicel, sparsely villous. Sepals 5-6.5 mm, basal 1/2 connate and forming a tube, membranous, outer surface sparsely villous, 1-veined; free apical lobes triangular-ovate, 2.5-3 mm, apex subobtuse. Petals appressed to dorsal sepal, white, narrowly oblanceolate-oblong, oblique, 5-6.5 × 1.5-1.8 mm, membranous, 1-veined, entire or sometimes with 2 or 3 obtuse teeth, apex obtuse; lip erect, white, 9-12 mm, 3-partite; hypochile saccate, containing 2 comblike calli, each callus 3- or 4-toothed; mesochile ca. 2 mm, narrow, with 2 lamellae; epichile with green spots at base, flabellate, 5-6 mm, deeply 2-lobed; lobes 4-6 mm wide, margin irregularly 5-7-dentate, teeth triangular with acute tips. Column ca. 2.5 mm; stelidia erect, nearly as long as rostellum arms; anther ovoid, ca. 1 mm; rostellum arms ca. 1.5 mm. Fl. Mar-Apr.
In shade on rocky soils in forests, along streams; 200-1800 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, S Guizhou, Hainan, S Hunan, W Sichuan, S Yunnan [India (Sikkim), Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].
云南叉柱兰 Cheirostylis yunnanensis(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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