梳帽卷瓣兰Bulbophyllum andersonii

中文名(Chinese Name):梳帽卷瓣兰
学名(Scientific Name):Bulbophyllum andersonii (Hook.f.) J.J.Sm.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):
异名(Synonym):Bulbophyllum henryi (Rolfe) J. J. Sm.  Cirrhopetalum andersonii Hook. f.  Cirrhopetalum henryi Rolfe  Phyllorkis andersonii (Hook.f.) Kuntze  Cirrhopetalum rivesii Gagnep.
科属(Family & Genus):兰科(Orchidaceae)石豆兰属
形态特征(Description):根状茎匍匐,粗3-5毫米,被杯状膜质鞘或鞘腐烂后残存的纤维。假鳞茎在根状茎上彼此相距3-11厘米,卵状圆锥形或狭卵形,长2-5厘米,中部粗6-15毫米,顶生1枚叶,基部被鞘腐烂后残存的纤维,干后灰褐色。叶革质,长圆形,长7-21厘米,中部宽1.6-4.3厘米,先端钝并且稍凹入,基部具长1-2.5厘米的柄。花葶黄绿色带紫红色条斑,从假鳞茎基部抽出,直立,通常长约17厘米,伞形花序具数朵花;花序柄纤细,粗1-2毫米,具长5-10毫米的筒状鞘;花苞片淡黄色带紫色斑点,披针形,长约5毫米,先端急尖;花梗和子房纤细,长约1厘米;花浅白色密布紫红色斑点;中萼片卵状长圆形,凹的,长约5毫米,中部宽约3毫米,具5条带紫红色小斑点的脉,边缘紫红色,近先端处具齿,先端具1条长约3毫米的芒,芒的表面稍粗糙或被细乳突;侧萼片长圆形,比中萼片长3-4倍,基部贴生在蕊柱足上,先端稍钝,基部上方扭转而上下侧边缘除基部和先端外分别彼此粘合,全缘,具5条脉;花瓣长圆形或多少呈镰刀状长圆形,长约3毫米,中部宽1毫米,先端具长约0.8毫米的芒,具3条粗厚的脉,脉纹具紫红色斑点,两面密布细乳突,边缘紫红色具篦齿状或不整齐的齿;唇瓣肉质,茄紫色,卵状三角形,从中部向外下弯,基部具凹槽并与蕊柱足末端连接而形成活动关节,先端稍钝,唇盘中央具1条白色纵条带;蕊柱黄绿色,很短,蕊柱翅在蕊柱中部稍向前扩展;蕊柱足白色带紫红色斑点,向上弯曲,长约3毫米,其分离部分长约1.5毫米;蕊柱齿三角形,长约1毫米,先端急尖;药帽黄色,前端稍收窄,先端边缘篦齿状。花期2-10月。
分布(Distribution):产广西、四川、贵州、云南。生于海拔400~2000米的山地林中树干上或林下岩石上。印度、缅甸、越南也有。
用途(Use):
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 25 Page 428, 430   
Bulbophyllum andersonii (J. D. Hooker) J. J. Smith, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, sér. 2. 8: 22. 1912.
梳帽卷瓣兰 shu mao juan ban lan| Orchidaceae  | Bulbophyllum
Cirrhopetalum andersonii J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 5: 777. 1890; Bulbophyllum henryi (Rolfe) J. J. Smith; C. henryi Rolfe; Phyllorkis andersonii (J. D. Hooker) Kuntze.
Rhizome creeping, 3-5 mm in diam. Pseudobulbs 3-11 cm apart on rhizome, ovoid-conic or narrowly ovoid, 2-5 cm, 6-15 mm in diam., with a terminal leaf. Petiole 1-2.5 cm; leaf blade oblong, 7-21 × 1.6-4.3 cm, leathery, apex obtuse and retuse. Scape from base of pseudobulb, erect, yellowish green with purplish red stripes, ca. 17 cm; umbel several flowered; peduncle slender, 1-2 mm in diam., with several tubular sheaths; floral bracts pale yellow, spotted with purple, lanceolate, ca. 5 mm, apex acute. Pedicel and ovary ca. 1 cm, slender. Sepals and petals whitish, densely spotted with purplish red; lip purple. Dorsal sepal ovate-oblong, concave, ca. 5 × 3 mm, with 5 veins spotted with purplish red, adaxially slightly scabrous or finely papillate, apical margins toothed, apex with a long awn ca. 3 mm; lateral sepals oblong, 15-20 mm, base adnate to column foot, twisted near base, connate along upper margin, apex obtuse. Petals oblong or falcate-oblong, ca. 3 × 1 mm, with 3 thickened veins spotted with purplish red, both surfaces densely minute-papillate, margins purplish red and with comblike or irregular teeth, apex with an awn ca. 0.8 mm; lip recurved, ovate-triangular, fleshy, centrally with 1 white longitudinal band, base grooved, attached to end of column foot by a mobile joint, apex obtuse. Column yellowish green, 1-2 mm, with wings at middle; foot white, spotted with purplish red, upcurved, ca. 3 mm, with free part ca. 1.5 mm; stelidia deltoid, ca. 1 mm, apex acute; anther cap yellow, apical margins ciliate. Fl. Feb-Nov. 2n = 38.
Tree trunks or rocks in forests; 400-2000 m. Guangxi, SW Guizhou, SW Sichuan, SE to NW Yunnan [NE India, Myanmar, Vietnam].
梳帽卷瓣兰Bulbophyllum andersonii

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