火索麻Helicteres isora
中文名（Chinese Name）：火索麻
学名（Scientific Name）：Helicteres isora Linn.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：扭蒴山芝麻
异名（Synonym）：Helicteres chrysocalyx Miq. ex Mast. Helicteres roxburghii G. Don Helicteres baruensis var. ovata DC. Helicteres isora var. glabrescens Mast. Helicteres isora var. microphylla Hassk. Helicteres isora var. tomentosa Mast. Helicteres macrophylla Wight ex Wight & Arnold Helicteres ovata var. fructus-regis Lam. Helicteres ovata var. isora-murri Lam. Helicteres versicolor Hassk. Isora corylifolia Schott & Endl. Isora grewiaefolia (DC.) Schott & Endl. Isora versicolor Hassk. Ixora versicolor Hassk.
科属（Family & Genus）：梧桐科（Sterculiaceae）山芝麻属
形态特征（Description）：灌木，高达2米；小枝被星状短柔毛。叶卵形，长10-12厘米，宽7-9 厘米，顶端短渐尖且常具小裂片，基部圆形或斜心形，边缘具锯齿，上面被星状短柔毛，下面密被星状短柔毛，基生脉5条；叶柄长8-25毫米，被短柔毛；托叶条形，长7-10毫米，早落。聚伞花序腋生，常,2-3个簇生，长达2厘米；小苞片钻形，长7毫米；花红色或紫红色，直径3.54厘米；萼长17毫米，通常4-5浅裂，裂片三角形且排成二唇状；花瓣5片，不等大，前面2枚较大，长12-15毫米，斜镰刀形；雄蕊10枚，退化雄蕊5枚，与花丝等长；子房略具乳头状突起，授粉后螺旋状扭曲。蒴果圆柱状，螺旋状扭曲，成熟时黑色，长5厘米，宽7-9毫米，顶端锐尖，并有长喙，初被星状柔毛，后逐渐脱落；种子细小，直径不及2毫米。花期4-10月。
分布（Distribution）：产海南和云南，生于海拔100-580米的草坡和村边的丘陵地上或灌丛中。印度、越南、斯里兰卡、泰国、马来西亚、印度尼西亚和澳大利亚均有。
用途（Use）：本种的茎皮纤维可织麻袋、编绳和造纸等，也可以作人造棉和棉毛混纺的原料，成品的质量很好。根可药用，可治慢性胃炎和胃溃疡。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 12 Page 318
Helicteres isora Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 963. 1753.
火索麻 huo suo ma| Sterculiaceae | Helicteres
Helicteres chrysocalyx Masters; H. roxburghii G. Don.
Shrubs or small trees, up to 2(-8) m tall. Branchlets stellate puberulent. Stipules linear, 7-10 mm, caducous; petiole 0.8-2.5 cm, puberulent; leaf blade broadly oblong-obovate, or almost circular, 10-12(-23) × 7-9(-17) cm, thinly leathery, abaxially densely puberulent to tomentose with mixture of stellate and simple hairs, adaxially stellate puberulent, base rounded or obliquely cordate, margin serrate, apex ± truncate with shortly acuminate tip and usually lateral lobes. Inflorescences axillary, usually 2 or 3 per axil, densely clustered, to 2 cm. Flowers 3.5-4 cm in diam. Epicalyx lobes subulate, to 7 mm. Sepals 17-20 mm, usually 4-5-lobed, lobes triangular, ± 2-lipped, densely stellate hairy. Petals red or purple, unequal in length, upper 2 larger, 1.2-1.5 cm, obliquely falcate. Androgynophore 3-4 cm, curved at tip. Stamens 10; staminodes 5, equal to filaments in length. Ovary slightly verrucose, spirally twisted after pollination. Capsule on ca. 2.5 cm stalk, cylindric, conspicuously spirally twisted, black when mature, 4-8 × (0.5-)0.7-0.9(-1) cm, apex acute, with beak to 1 cm, densely stellate puberulent at first, glabrescent. Seeds many, to 2 mm, angular, wrinkled, tomentose. Fl. Apr-Oct, fr. Oct-Jan.
Dry deciduous forests, scrub, dry grasslands on slopes; below 100-600 m. SE Hainan, S Yunnan [?Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; N Australia].
The bark fiber is good for making ropes and clothing. The roots are of medicinal use.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Helicteres isora Linn.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：扭蒴山芝麻
异名（Synonym）：Helicteres chrysocalyx Miq. ex Mast. Helicteres roxburghii G. Don Helicteres baruensis var. ovata DC. Helicteres isora var. glabrescens Mast. Helicteres isora var. microphylla Hassk. Helicteres isora var. tomentosa Mast. Helicteres macrophylla Wight ex Wight & Arnold Helicteres ovata var. fructus-regis Lam. Helicteres ovata var. isora-murri Lam. Helicteres versicolor Hassk. Isora corylifolia Schott & Endl. Isora grewiaefolia (DC.) Schott & Endl. Isora versicolor Hassk. Ixora versicolor Hassk.
科属（Family & Genus）：梧桐科（Sterculiaceae）山芝麻属
形态特征（Description）：灌木，高达2米；小枝被星状短柔毛。叶卵形，长10-12厘米，宽7-9 厘米，顶端短渐尖且常具小裂片，基部圆形或斜心形，边缘具锯齿，上面被星状短柔毛，下面密被星状短柔毛，基生脉5条；叶柄长8-25毫米，被短柔毛；托叶条形，长7-10毫米，早落。聚伞花序腋生，常,2-3个簇生，长达2厘米；小苞片钻形，长7毫米；花红色或紫红色，直径3.54厘米；萼长17毫米，通常4-5浅裂，裂片三角形且排成二唇状；花瓣5片，不等大，前面2枚较大，长12-15毫米，斜镰刀形；雄蕊10枚，退化雄蕊5枚，与花丝等长；子房略具乳头状突起，授粉后螺旋状扭曲。蒴果圆柱状，螺旋状扭曲，成熟时黑色，长5厘米，宽7-9毫米，顶端锐尖，并有长喙，初被星状柔毛，后逐渐脱落；种子细小，直径不及2毫米。花期4-10月。
分布（Distribution）：产海南和云南，生于海拔100-580米的草坡和村边的丘陵地上或灌丛中。印度、越南、斯里兰卡、泰国、马来西亚、印度尼西亚和澳大利亚均有。
用途（Use）：本种的茎皮纤维可织麻袋、编绳和造纸等，也可以作人造棉和棉毛混纺的原料，成品的质量很好。根可药用，可治慢性胃炎和胃溃疡。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 12 Page 318
Helicteres isora Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 963. 1753.
火索麻 huo suo ma| Sterculiaceae | Helicteres
Helicteres chrysocalyx Masters; H. roxburghii G. Don.
Shrubs or small trees, up to 2(-8) m tall. Branchlets stellate puberulent. Stipules linear, 7-10 mm, caducous; petiole 0.8-2.5 cm, puberulent; leaf blade broadly oblong-obovate, or almost circular, 10-12(-23) × 7-9(-17) cm, thinly leathery, abaxially densely puberulent to tomentose with mixture of stellate and simple hairs, adaxially stellate puberulent, base rounded or obliquely cordate, margin serrate, apex ± truncate with shortly acuminate tip and usually lateral lobes. Inflorescences axillary, usually 2 or 3 per axil, densely clustered, to 2 cm. Flowers 3.5-4 cm in diam. Epicalyx lobes subulate, to 7 mm. Sepals 17-20 mm, usually 4-5-lobed, lobes triangular, ± 2-lipped, densely stellate hairy. Petals red or purple, unequal in length, upper 2 larger, 1.2-1.5 cm, obliquely falcate. Androgynophore 3-4 cm, curved at tip. Stamens 10; staminodes 5, equal to filaments in length. Ovary slightly verrucose, spirally twisted after pollination. Capsule on ca. 2.5 cm stalk, cylindric, conspicuously spirally twisted, black when mature, 4-8 × (0.5-)0.7-0.9(-1) cm, apex acute, with beak to 1 cm, densely stellate puberulent at first, glabrescent. Seeds many, to 2 mm, angular, wrinkled, tomentose. Fl. Apr-Oct, fr. Oct-Jan.
Dry deciduous forests, scrub, dry grasslands on slopes; below 100-600 m. SE Hainan, S Yunnan [?Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; N Australia].
The bark fiber is good for making ropes and clothing. The roots are of medicinal use.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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