荷包山桂花Polygala arillata
中文名（Chinese Name）：荷包山桂花
学名（Scientific Name）：Polygala arillata Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Polygala arillata var. ovata Gagnep. Cratalaria duboisii H. Lév. Chamaebuxus arillata Hassk. Chamaebuxus arillata var. brachybotrys Hassk. Chamaebuxus arillata var. robusta Hassk. Polygala wistariifolia Chodat Polygala arillata var. laevicarpa R. N. Banerjee et G. S. Girl.
科属（Family & Genus）：远志科Polygalaceae远志属Polygala
形态特征（Description）：灌木或小乔木，高1-5米；小枝密被短柔毛，具纵棱；芽密被黄褐色毡毛。单叶互生，叶片纸质，椭圆形、长圆状椭圆形至长圆状披针形，长6.5-14厘米，宽2-2.5厘米，先端渐尖，基部楔形或钝圆，全缘，具缘毛，叶面绿色，背面淡绿色，两面均疏被短柔毛，沿脉较密，后渐无毛，主脉上面微凹，背面隆起，侧脉5-6对，于边缘附近网结，细脉网状，明显；叶柄长约1厘米，被短柔毛。总状花序与叶对生，下垂，密被短柔毛，长7-10厘米，果时长达25（-30）厘米；花长13-20毫米，花梗长约3毫米，玻短柔毛，基部具三角状渐尖的苞片1枚；萼片5，具缘毛，花后脱落，外面3枚小，不等大，上面1枚深兜状，长8-9毫米，侧生2枚卵形，长约5毫米，宽约3毫米，先端圆形，内萼片2枚，花瓣状，红紫色，长圆状倒卵形，长15-18毫米，与花瓣几成直角着生；花瓣3，肥厚，黄色，侧生花瓣长11-15毫米，较龙骨瓣短，2/3以下与龙骨瓣合生，基部外侧耳状，龙骨瓣盔状，具丰富条裂的鸡冠状附属物；雄蕊8，花丝长约14毫米，2/3以下连合成鞘，并与花瓣贴生，花药卵形，顶孔开裂；子房圆形，压扁，径约3毫米，具狭翅及缘毛，基部具肉质花盘，花柱长8-12毫米，向顶端弯曲，先端呈喇叭状2裂，柱头生于下裂片内。蒴果阔肾形至略心形，浆果状，长约10毫米，宽13毫米，成熟时紫红色，先端微缺，具短尖头，边缘具狭翅及缘毛，果爿具同心圆状肋。种子球形，棕红色，径约4毫米，极疏被白色短柔毛，种脐端平截，圆形微突起，亮黑色，种阜跨摺状。花期5-10月，果期6-11月。
分布（Distribution）：产陕西南部、安徽、江西、福建、湖北、广西、四川、贵州、云南和西藏东南部；生于山坡林下或林缘，海拔（700-）1 000-2 800（-3 000）米。分布于尼泊尔、锡金、印度、缅甸、越南北方。
用途（Use）：本种之根皮入药，有清热解毒、祛风除湿、补虚消肿之功能。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 11 Page 143, 145, 146
荷包山桂花 he bao shan gui hua | Polygalaceae | Polygala
Polygala arillata
Credit: Harvard University Herbaria
Polygala arillata var. ovata Gagnepain.
Shrubs or small trees, 1-5 m tall. Branchlets sometimes weakly ridged, densely pubescent; terminal buds densely yellow-brown felted-hairy. Petiole ca. 1 cm, pubescent; leaf blade green, elliptic or oblong-elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, 6.5-14 × 2-2.5 cm, papery, both surfaces sparsely pubescent especially on veins, glabrescent, midvein raised abaxially, depressed adaxially, lateral veins 5 or 6 pairs, anastomosing near margin, veinlets reticulate, evident, base cuneate or obtuse, margin entire, ciliate, apex acuminate. Racemes opposite to leaves, drooping, densely pubescent, 7-10 cm, to 25(-30) cm at fruiting. Pedicel ca. 3 mm, pubescent; bract 1, basal, triangular-acuminate. Flowers 1.3-2 cm. Sepals 5, unequal, ciliate, caducous after anthesis; outer sepals 3, small, upper one deeply cucullate, 8-9 mm, lateral sepals ovate, ca. 5 × 3 mm, apex rounded; inner sepals 2, red-purple, petaloid, oblong-obovate, 1.5-1.8 cm, nearly at right angle between them and petals. Petals 3, connate in lower 2/3, yellow, slightly fleshy; keel longer than lateral petals, apex with multifid appendages. Stamens 8; filaments ca. 1.4 cm, lower 2/3 united, forming an open staminal sheath, adnate with petals; anthers ovoid. Disk fleshy. Ovary compressed globose, ca. 3 mm in diam., narrowly winged, ciliate; style 8-12 mm, curved toward apex, apex 2-lobed; stigma on lower lobes. Capsule purple-red at maturity, baccate, broadly reniform or slightly cordate, ca. 1 cm, ca. 1.3 cm in diam., margin winged, ciliate, apex emarginate, mucronate; carpels with concentric circles costate. Seeds brown-red to black, globose, ca. 4 mm in diam., very sparsely pubescent, truncate at hiliferous end, shiny, with large helmet-shaped, somewhat irregular, projecting strophiole. Fl. May-Oct, fr. Jun-Nov.
Forests, forest margins on mountain slopes; (700-)1000-2800(-3000) m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, Cambodia, India (Darjeeling, Sikkim), Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam].
Material with ovate leaves has been separated as Polygala arillata var. ovata (in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine, Suppl. 1: 231. 1939); however, leaf shape, along with other characters, is very variable in P. arillata. Thus this variety, along with P. arillata var. laevicarpa R. N. Banerjee & G. S. Giri (Candollea 42(2): 55. 1987) described from Nepalese material, does not warrant recognition.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Polygala arillata Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Polygala arillata var. ovata Gagnep. Cratalaria duboisii H. Lév. Chamaebuxus arillata Hassk. Chamaebuxus arillata var. brachybotrys Hassk. Chamaebuxus arillata var. robusta Hassk. Polygala wistariifolia Chodat Polygala arillata var. laevicarpa R. N. Banerjee et G. S. Girl.
科属（Family & Genus）：远志科Polygalaceae远志属Polygala
形态特征（Description）：灌木或小乔木，高1-5米；小枝密被短柔毛，具纵棱；芽密被黄褐色毡毛。单叶互生，叶片纸质，椭圆形、长圆状椭圆形至长圆状披针形，长6.5-14厘米，宽2-2.5厘米，先端渐尖，基部楔形或钝圆，全缘，具缘毛，叶面绿色，背面淡绿色，两面均疏被短柔毛，沿脉较密，后渐无毛，主脉上面微凹，背面隆起，侧脉5-6对，于边缘附近网结，细脉网状，明显；叶柄长约1厘米，被短柔毛。总状花序与叶对生，下垂，密被短柔毛，长7-10厘米，果时长达25（-30）厘米；花长13-20毫米，花梗长约3毫米，玻短柔毛，基部具三角状渐尖的苞片1枚；萼片5，具缘毛，花后脱落，外面3枚小，不等大，上面1枚深兜状，长8-9毫米，侧生2枚卵形，长约5毫米，宽约3毫米，先端圆形，内萼片2枚，花瓣状，红紫色，长圆状倒卵形，长15-18毫米，与花瓣几成直角着生；花瓣3，肥厚，黄色，侧生花瓣长11-15毫米，较龙骨瓣短，2/3以下与龙骨瓣合生，基部外侧耳状，龙骨瓣盔状，具丰富条裂的鸡冠状附属物；雄蕊8，花丝长约14毫米，2/3以下连合成鞘，并与花瓣贴生，花药卵形，顶孔开裂；子房圆形，压扁，径约3毫米，具狭翅及缘毛，基部具肉质花盘，花柱长8-12毫米，向顶端弯曲，先端呈喇叭状2裂，柱头生于下裂片内。蒴果阔肾形至略心形，浆果状，长约10毫米，宽13毫米，成熟时紫红色，先端微缺，具短尖头，边缘具狭翅及缘毛，果爿具同心圆状肋。种子球形，棕红色，径约4毫米，极疏被白色短柔毛，种脐端平截，圆形微突起，亮黑色，种阜跨摺状。花期5-10月，果期6-11月。
分布（Distribution）：产陕西南部、安徽、江西、福建、湖北、广西、四川、贵州、云南和西藏东南部；生于山坡林下或林缘，海拔（700-）1 000-2 800（-3 000）米。分布于尼泊尔、锡金、印度、缅甸、越南北方。
用途（Use）：本种之根皮入药，有清热解毒、祛风除湿、补虚消肿之功能。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 11 Page 143, 145, 146
荷包山桂花 he bao shan gui hua | Polygalaceae | Polygala
Polygala arillata
Credit: Harvard University Herbaria
Polygala arillata var. ovata Gagnepain.
Shrubs or small trees, 1-5 m tall. Branchlets sometimes weakly ridged, densely pubescent; terminal buds densely yellow-brown felted-hairy. Petiole ca. 1 cm, pubescent; leaf blade green, elliptic or oblong-elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, 6.5-14 × 2-2.5 cm, papery, both surfaces sparsely pubescent especially on veins, glabrescent, midvein raised abaxially, depressed adaxially, lateral veins 5 or 6 pairs, anastomosing near margin, veinlets reticulate, evident, base cuneate or obtuse, margin entire, ciliate, apex acuminate. Racemes opposite to leaves, drooping, densely pubescent, 7-10 cm, to 25(-30) cm at fruiting. Pedicel ca. 3 mm, pubescent; bract 1, basal, triangular-acuminate. Flowers 1.3-2 cm. Sepals 5, unequal, ciliate, caducous after anthesis; outer sepals 3, small, upper one deeply cucullate, 8-9 mm, lateral sepals ovate, ca. 5 × 3 mm, apex rounded; inner sepals 2, red-purple, petaloid, oblong-obovate, 1.5-1.8 cm, nearly at right angle between them and petals. Petals 3, connate in lower 2/3, yellow, slightly fleshy; keel longer than lateral petals, apex with multifid appendages. Stamens 8; filaments ca. 1.4 cm, lower 2/3 united, forming an open staminal sheath, adnate with petals; anthers ovoid. Disk fleshy. Ovary compressed globose, ca. 3 mm in diam., narrowly winged, ciliate; style 8-12 mm, curved toward apex, apex 2-lobed; stigma on lower lobes. Capsule purple-red at maturity, baccate, broadly reniform or slightly cordate, ca. 1 cm, ca. 1.3 cm in diam., margin winged, ciliate, apex emarginate, mucronate; carpels with concentric circles costate. Seeds brown-red to black, globose, ca. 4 mm in diam., very sparsely pubescent, truncate at hiliferous end, shiny, with large helmet-shaped, somewhat irregular, projecting strophiole. Fl. May-Oct, fr. Jun-Nov.
Forests, forest margins on mountain slopes; (700-)1000-2800(-3000) m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, Cambodia, India (Darjeeling, Sikkim), Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam].
Material with ovate leaves has been separated as Polygala arillata var. ovata (in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine, Suppl. 1: 231. 1939); however, leaf shape, along with other characters, is very variable in P. arillata. Thus this variety, along with P. arillata var. laevicarpa R. N. Banerjee & G. S. Giri (Candollea 42(2): 55. 1987) described from Nepalese material, does not warrant recognition.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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