棕竹Rhapis excelsa
中文名（Chinese Name）：棕竹
学名（Scientific Name）：Rhapis excelsa (Thunb.) Henry ex Rehd.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：筋头竹、观音竹
异名（Synonym）：Chamaerops excelsa Thunb. Trachycarpus excelsus H. Wendl. Rhapis aspera W. Baxter Rhapis major Blume Chamaerops kwanwortsik Siebold ex H. Wendl. Rhapis kwamwonzick Siebold ex Linden Rhapis divaricata Gagnep. Rhapis cordata Baxter Rhapis flabelliformis L'Hér. ex Aiton
科属（Family & Genus）：棕榈科（Palmae）棕竹属
形态特征（Description）：丛生灌木，高2-3米，茎圆柱形，有节，直径1.5-3厘米，上部被叶鞘，但分解成稍松散的马尾状淡黑色粗糙而硬的网状纤维。叶掌状深裂，裂片4-10片，不均等，具2-5条肋脉，在基部（即叶柄顶端）1-4厘米处连合，长20-32厘米或更长，宽1.5-5厘米，宽线形或线状椭圆形，先端宽，截状而具多对稍深裂的小裂片，边缘及肋脉上具稍锐利的锯齿，横小脉多而明显；叶柄两面凸起或上面稍平坦，边缘微粗糙，宽约4毫米，顶端的小戟突略呈半圆形或钝三角形，被毛。花序长约30厘米，总花序梗及分枝花序基部各有1枚佛焰苞包着，密被褐色弯卷绒毛；2-3个分枝花序，其上有1-2次分枝小花穗，花枝近无毛，花螺旋状着生于小花枝上。雄花在花蕾时为卵状长圆形，具顶尖，在成熟时花冠管伸长，在开花时为棍棒状长圆形，长5-6毫米，花萼杯状，深3裂，裂片半卵形，花冠3裂，裂片三角形，花丝粗，上部膨大具龙骨突起，花药心形或心状长圆形，顶端钝或微缺；雌花短而粗，长4毫米。果实球状倒卵形，直径8-10毫米。种子球形，胚位于种脊对面近基部。花期6-7月。
分布（Distribution）：产我国南部至西南部，日本亦有分布。
用途（Use）：树形优美，是庭园绿化的好材料。根及叶鞘纤维入药。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 23 Page 146, 147
Rhapis excelsa (Thunberg) A. Henry in Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 11: 153. 1930.
棕竹 zong zhu| Arecaceae | Rhapis
Chamaerops excelsa Thunberg in Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14, 984. 1784; Rhapis aspera W. H. Baxter; R. cordata W. H. Baxter; R. divaricata Gagnepain; R. flabelliformis L’Héritier; R. kwamwonzick Siebold ex Rodigas; R. major Blume; Trachycarpus excelsus (Thunberg) H. Wendland.
Stems clustered, rhizomatous, forming large, loose colonies, to 3 m tall, to 1.5 cm in diam., covered with persistent, fibrous leaf sheaths. Leaf sheaths with coarse, black fibers producing a square mesh; ligules not persistent; blades not split to base, divided into 2-13 segments, these with ± straight sides and jagged apices, to 40 × 7 cm, outermost narrowest. Inflorescences borne among leaves, branched to 2 or 3 orders; bracts tubular, sheathing; rachis to 26 cm; rachillae to 11 cm, glabrous; male flowers to 6 mm; sepals united into a tubular, 3-lobed calyx; petals united into a tubular corolla with a 3-lobed, valvate apex; stamens 6, borne in 2 series; filaments keeled adaxially; female flowers similar to but shorter than male. Fruits developing from 1 carpel, yellow, globose to ellipsoid, to 1 × 0.8 cm.
Scattered localities in lowland forests or dry forests, on slopes; below 1000 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hainan, Yunnan [Thailand (?introduced), Vietnam].
The stems are used for chopsticks and walking sticks. This species is widely planted as an ornamental and has been introduced in Japan.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Rhapis excelsa (Thunb.) Henry ex Rehd.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：筋头竹、观音竹
异名（Synonym）：Chamaerops excelsa Thunb. Trachycarpus excelsus H. Wendl. Rhapis aspera W. Baxter Rhapis major Blume Chamaerops kwanwortsik Siebold ex H. Wendl. Rhapis kwamwonzick Siebold ex Linden Rhapis divaricata Gagnep. Rhapis cordata Baxter Rhapis flabelliformis L'Hér. ex Aiton
科属（Family & Genus）：棕榈科（Palmae）棕竹属
形态特征（Description）：丛生灌木，高2-3米，茎圆柱形，有节，直径1.5-3厘米，上部被叶鞘，但分解成稍松散的马尾状淡黑色粗糙而硬的网状纤维。叶掌状深裂，裂片4-10片，不均等，具2-5条肋脉，在基部（即叶柄顶端）1-4厘米处连合，长20-32厘米或更长，宽1.5-5厘米，宽线形或线状椭圆形，先端宽，截状而具多对稍深裂的小裂片，边缘及肋脉上具稍锐利的锯齿，横小脉多而明显；叶柄两面凸起或上面稍平坦，边缘微粗糙，宽约4毫米，顶端的小戟突略呈半圆形或钝三角形，被毛。花序长约30厘米，总花序梗及分枝花序基部各有1枚佛焰苞包着，密被褐色弯卷绒毛；2-3个分枝花序，其上有1-2次分枝小花穗，花枝近无毛，花螺旋状着生于小花枝上。雄花在花蕾时为卵状长圆形，具顶尖，在成熟时花冠管伸长，在开花时为棍棒状长圆形，长5-6毫米，花萼杯状，深3裂，裂片半卵形，花冠3裂，裂片三角形，花丝粗，上部膨大具龙骨突起，花药心形或心状长圆形，顶端钝或微缺；雌花短而粗，长4毫米。果实球状倒卵形，直径8-10毫米。种子球形，胚位于种脊对面近基部。花期6-7月。
分布（Distribution）：产我国南部至西南部，日本亦有分布。
用途（Use）：树形优美，是庭园绿化的好材料。根及叶鞘纤维入药。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 23 Page 146, 147
Rhapis excelsa (Thunberg) A. Henry in Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 11: 153. 1930.
棕竹 zong zhu| Arecaceae | Rhapis
Chamaerops excelsa Thunberg in Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14, 984. 1784; Rhapis aspera W. H. Baxter; R. cordata W. H. Baxter; R. divaricata Gagnepain; R. flabelliformis L’Héritier; R. kwamwonzick Siebold ex Rodigas; R. major Blume; Trachycarpus excelsus (Thunberg) H. Wendland.
Stems clustered, rhizomatous, forming large, loose colonies, to 3 m tall, to 1.5 cm in diam., covered with persistent, fibrous leaf sheaths. Leaf sheaths with coarse, black fibers producing a square mesh; ligules not persistent; blades not split to base, divided into 2-13 segments, these with ± straight sides and jagged apices, to 40 × 7 cm, outermost narrowest. Inflorescences borne among leaves, branched to 2 or 3 orders; bracts tubular, sheathing; rachis to 26 cm; rachillae to 11 cm, glabrous; male flowers to 6 mm; sepals united into a tubular, 3-lobed calyx; petals united into a tubular corolla with a 3-lobed, valvate apex; stamens 6, borne in 2 series; filaments keeled adaxially; female flowers similar to but shorter than male. Fruits developing from 1 carpel, yellow, globose to ellipsoid, to 1 × 0.8 cm.
Scattered localities in lowland forests or dry forests, on slopes; below 1000 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hainan, Yunnan [Thailand (?introduced), Vietnam].
The stems are used for chopsticks and walking sticks. This species is widely planted as an ornamental and has been introduced in Japan.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）踩一下[1]
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