野牡丹Melastoma malabathricum

中文名(Chinese Name):野牡丹
学名(Scientific Name):Melastoma malabathricum L.
英文名(English Common Name):Malabar melastome
别名(Chinese Common Name):大金香炉、猪古稔展毛野牡丹
异名(Synonym):Melastoma normale D. Don  Melastoma affine D. Don  Melastoma candidum D. Don  Melastoma malabathricum subsp. normale (D. Don) K. Mey  Melastoma polyanthum Blume  Melastoma esquirolii H. Lév.  Melastoma cavaleriei H. Lév.  Melastoma candidum var. nobotan Makino: Suzuki  Melastoma malabathricum var. normale
科属(Family & Genus):野牡丹科(Melastomataceae)野牡丹属
形态特征(Description):灌木,高0.5-1.5米,分枝多;茎钝四棱形或近圆柱形,密被紧贴的鳞片状糙伏毛,毛扁平边缘流苏状。叶片坚纸质,卵形或广卵形,顶端急尖,基部浅心形或近圆形,长4-10厘米,宽2-6厘米,全缘,7基出脉,两面被糙伏毛及短柔毛,背面基出脉隆起,被鳞片状糙伏毛,侧脉隆起,密被长柔毛;叶柄长5-15毫米,密被鳞片状糙伏毛。伞房花序生于分枝顶端,近头状,有花3-5朵,稀单生,基部具叶状总苞2;苞片披针形或狭披针形,密被鳞片状糙伏毛;花梗长3-20毫米,密被鳞片状糙伏毛;花萼长约2.2厘米,密被鳞片状糙伏毛及长柔毛,裂片卵形或略宽,与萼管等长或略长,顶端渐尖,具细尖头,两面均被毛;花瓣玫瑰红色或粉红色,倒卵形,长3-4厘米,顶端圆形,密被缘毛;雄蕊长者药隔基部伸长,弯曲,末端2深裂,短者药隔不伸延,药室基部具1对小瘤;子房半下位,密被糙伏毛,顶端具1圈刚毛。蒴果坛状球形,与宿存萼贴生,长1-1.5厘米,直径8-12毫米,密被鳞片状糙伏毛;种子镶于肉质胎座内。花期5-7月,果期10-12月。
分布(Distribution):产云南、广西、广东、福建、台湾。生于海拔约120米以下的山坡松林下或开朗的灌草丛中。东南亚等地也有。
用途(Use):根、叶可消积滞、收敛止血,治消化不良、肠炎腹泻、痢疾便血等症;叶捣烂外敷或用干粉,作外伤止血药。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 13 Page 364, 365
Melastoma malabathricum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 390. 1753.
野牡丹 ye mu dan | Melastomataceae  | Melastoma
Melastoma affine D. Don; M. candidum D. Don; M. cavaleriei H. Léveillé & Vaniot; M. esquirolii H. Léveillé; M. malabathricum subsp. normale (D. Don) K. Meyer; M. normale D. Don; M. polyanthum Blume.
Shrubs 0.5-1(-5) m tall, erect. Stems 4-sided to subterete; branchlets numerous, procumbent, densely covered with appressed scales. Petiole 0.5-1.9 cm; leaf blade ovate, elliptic, or elliptic-lanceolate, 4-14 × 1.7-3.5(-6) cm, stiffly papery, abaxially densely strigose and puberulous, adaxially densely strigose, secondary veins 2(or 3) on each side of midvein, tertiary veins numerous and parallel, base rounded to subcordate, margin entire, apex acuminate. Inflorescences subcapitate corymbose, terminal, 3-7-flowered, with 2 leaflike bracts at base. Pedicel 2-8(-10) mm, strigose, apically 2-bracteolate, bracteoles lanceolate to subulate, 2-5 mm, abaxially densely strigose, margin ciliate. Hypanthium 5-9 mm, densely compressed strigose, margin fimbriate. Calyx lobes lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, apex acuminate, on both sides and along their margin squamosly strigose and pubescent. Petals reddish purple, 2-3(-4) cm, margin only ciliate, apex rounded. Longer stamens with connective long extended at base, curved, apex bifid. Shorter stamens with anthers 2-tuberculate at base; connective not extended. Ovary half inferior, densely strigose, apically with a ring of setae. Fruit urceolate-globular, 6-15 × 6-12 mm, succulent, densely squamose strigose. Fl. Feb-Aug, fr. Jul-Dec.
Open fields, grasslands, scrub, thickets, sparse forests, bamboo forests, trailsides; 100-2800 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, SE Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Cambodia, India, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam; Pacific islands].
 
野牡丹Melastoma malabathricum

野牡丹Melastoma malabathricum

野牡丹Melastoma malabathricum

野牡丹Melastoma malabathricum(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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