槲寄生Viscum coloratum

中文名(Chinese Name):槲寄生
学名(Scientific Name):Viscum coloratum (Kom.) Nakai
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):寄生子,台湾槲寄生,北寄生
异名(Synonym):Viscum album var. rubro-ausantlacum Makino  Viscum alniformosanae Hayata  Viscum coloratum var. alniformosanae (Hayata) Iwata  Viscum album subsp. coloratum Kom.  Viscum coloratum f. lutesceus (Makino) Kitag.  Viscum coloratum f. rubro-aurontiacum (Makino) Kitag.  Viscum album var. lutescens Makino  Viscum album var. coloratum Ohwi
科属Family & Genus):桑寄生科(Loranthaceae)槲寄生属
形态特征(Description):灌木,高0.3-0.8米;茎、枝均圆柱状,二歧或三歧、稀多歧地分枝,节稍膨大,小枝的节间长5-10厘米,粗3-5毫米,干后具不规则皱纹。叶对生,稀3枚轮生,厚革质或革质,长椭圆形至椭圆状披针形,长3-7厘米,宽0.7-1.5(-2)厘米,顶端圆形或圆钝,基部渐狭;基出脉3-5条;叶柄短。雌雄异株;花序顶生或腋生于茎叉状分枝处;雄花序聚伞状,总花梗几无或长达5毫米,总苞舟形,长5-7毫米,通常具花3朵,中央的花具2枚苞片或无;雄花:花蕾时卵球形,长3-4毫米,萼片4枚,卵形;花药椭圆形,长2.5-3毫米。雌花序聚伞式穗状,总花梗长2-3毫米或几无,具花3-5朵,顶生的花具2枚苞片或无,交叉对生的花各具1枚苞片;苞片阔三角形,长约1.5毫米,初具细缘毛,稍后变全缘;雌花:花蕾时长卵球形,长约2毫米;花托卵球形,萼片4枚,三角形,长约1毫米;柱头乳头状。果球形,直径6-8毫米,具宿存花柱,成熟时淡黄色或橙红色,果皮平滑。花期4-5月,果期9-11月。
分布(Distribution):我国大部分省区均产,仅新疆、西藏、云南、广东不产。海拔500-1400(-2000)米阔叶林中,寄生于榆、杨、柳、桦、栎、梨、李、苹果,枫杨、赤杨、椴属植物上。苏联远东地区,朝鲜,日本也有分布。
用途(Use):全株入药,即中药材槲寄生正品,具治风湿痹痛,腰膝酸软,胎动、胎漏及降低血压等功效。
引自植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 5 Page 243
Viscum coloratum (Komarov) Nakai, Rep. Veg. Ooryongto. 17. 1919.
槲寄生 hu ji sheng  | Viscaceae  | Viscum
Viscum album subsp. coloratum Komarov, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 22: 107. 1903; V. alni-formosanae Hayata; V. coloratum var. alni-formosanae (Hayata) Iwata.
Shrubs dioecious, green or yellowish green, 30-80 cm tall. Branching apical, di-, tri-, or polychotomous, terete; internodes 5-10 cm, nodes slightly swollen. Leaves opposite or ternate; petiole short; leaf blade elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, 3-7 × 0.7-1.5(-2) cm, leathery, 3-5-veined, base attenuate, apex obtuse or rounded. Inflorescences terminal. Male inflorescences cymes; peduncle to 5 mm, sometimes almost absent; involucre navicular, 5-7 mm, usually 3-flowered, central flower with 2 bracts or not. Female inflorescences cymose spikes, subsessile or with peduncle 2-3 mm, 3-5-flowered; terminal flower with 2 bracts or not, lateral flowers each with 1 bract; bracts broadly triangular, ca. 1.5 mm. Male flowers ellipsoid-ovoid in bud, ca. 2 mm; perianth lobes 4, triangular, ca. 1 mm. Stigma nipple-shaped. Berry yellowish, reddish, orange, or red, globose, 6-8 mm in diam. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Sep-Nov.
Forests; 500-2200 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, E Russia].
The plants have medicinal uses and are parasitic on Alnus formosana, Malus baccata, Prunus armeniaca, Pterocarya stenoptera, Pyrus ussuriensis, Quercus mongolica, Ulmus pumila, and species of Populus, Salix, and Tilia.
槲寄生Viscum coloratum

槲寄生Viscum coloratum(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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