薰衣草Lavandula angustifolia

中文名(Chinese Name):薰衣草
学名(Scientific Name):Lavandula angustifolia Mill.
英文名(English Common Name):English lavender
别名(Chinese Common Name):英国薰衣草
异名Synonym):Lavandula spicata L.  Lavandula vera DC.  Lavandula officinalis Chaix
科属Family & Genus):唇形科(Labiatae)薰衣草属
形态特征Description):半灌木或矮灌木,分枝,被星状绒毛,在幼嫩部分较密;老枝灰褐色或暗褐色,皮层作条状剥落,具有长的花枝及短的更新枝。叶线形或披针状线形,在花枝上的叶较大,疏离,长3-5厘米,宽0.3-0.5厘米,被密的或疏的灰色星状绒毛,干时灰白色或橄绿色,在更新枝上的叶小,簇生,长不超过1.7厘米,宽约0.2厘米,密被灰白色星状绒毛,干时灰白色,均先端钝,基部渐狭成极短柄,全缘,边缘外卷,中脉在下面隆起,侧脉及网脉不明显。轮伞花序通常具6-10花,多数,在枝顶聚集成间断或近连续的穗状花序,穗状花序长约3(5)厘米,花序梗长约为花序本身3倍,密被星状绒毛;苞片菱状卵圆形,先端渐尖成钻状,具5-7脉,干时常带锈色,被星状绒毛,小苞片不明显;花具短梗,蓝色,密被灰色、分枝或不分枝绒毛。花萼卵状管形或近管形,长4-5毫米,13脉,内面近无毛,二唇形,上唇1齿较宽而长,下唇具4短齿,齿相等而明显。花冠长约为花萼的2倍,具13条脉纹,外面被与花萼同一毛被,但基部近无毛,内面在喉部及冠檐部分被腺状毛,中部具毛环,冠檐二唇形,上唇直伸,2裂,裂片较大,圆形,且彼此稍重叠,下唇开展,3裂,裂片较小。雄蕊4,着生在毛环上方,不外伸,前对较长,花丝扁平,无毛,花药被毛。花柱被毛,在先端压扁,卵圆形。花盘4浅裂,裂片与子房裂片对生。小坚果4,光滑。花期6月。
分布(Distribution):原产地中海地区;我国有栽培。
用途(Use):花中含芳香油,油是调制化妆品、皂用香精的重要原料,尤为棕榄型香皂及花露水香精中的主要原料。鲜花含油率0.8%,干花含油率1.5%左右,精油主要成分为乙酸芳樟醇、丁酸芳樟醉及香荳素。
引自植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 17 Page 104
Lavandula angustifolia Miller, Gard. Dict., ed. 8. #Error. 1768.
薰衣草 xun yi cao | Lamiaceae  | Lavandula
Lavandula spicata Linnaeus; L. vera de Candolle.
Shrubs dwarf, stellate tomentose. Branches gray-brown to dark brown, with long flowering and short leafy shoots, bark longitudinally exfoliating. Leaves widely spaced on flowering shoots, clustered on leafy shoots, linear to lanceolate-linear, 3-5 cm × 3-5 mm on flowering shoots, less than ca. 17 × 2 mm on leafy shoots, gray stellate tomentose, base attenuate to a very short petiole, margin entire and revolute, apex obtuse. Verticillasters 6-10-flowered, numerous, in crowded, interrupted or ± continuous spikes ca. 3(-5) cm; peduncle ca. 3 × as long as spike; bracts rust colored when dry, rhombic-ovate or acuminate-subulate; bracteoles indistinct. Pedicel short. Calyx ovoid-tubular to subtubular, 4-5 mm, 13-veined, densely gray stellate tomentose outside; upper lip entire, lower lip equally 4-toothed. Corolla blue, 8-10 mm, 13-veined, densely tomentose outside, base subglabrous, throat and limb glandular hairy, puberulent annulate inside; upper lip straight, with lobes circular and slightly overlapping; lower lip spreading. Nutlets 4, smooth. Fl. Jun.
Cultivated as an ornamental and aromatic plant in China [Africa, Europe].
薰衣草Lavandula angustifolia(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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