乌饭树Vaccinium bracteatum

中文名(Chinese Name):乌饭树
学名(Scientific Name):Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):南烛、乌饭叶
异名(Synonym):Acosta spicata Lour.  Pieris divaricata H. Lév.  Pieris ovalifolia var. denticulata H. Lév.  Vaccinium spicatum (Lour.) Poir.  Vaccinium malaccense Wight  Vaccinium bracteatum var. longitubum Hayata
科属Family & Genus):杜鹃花科(Ericaceae)越桔属
形态特征Description):常绿灌木或小乔木,高2-6(-9)米;分枝多,幼枝被短柔毛或无毛,老枝紫褐色,无毛。叶片薄革质,椭圆形、菱状椭圆形、披针状椭圆形至披针形,长4-9厘米,宽2-4厘米,顶端锐尖、渐尖,稀长渐尖,基部楔形、宽楔形,稀钝圆,边缘有细锯齿,表面平坦有光泽,两面无毛,侧脉5-7对,斜伸至边缘以内网结,与中脉、网脉在表面和背面均稍微突起;叶柄长2-8毫米,通常无毛或被微毛。总状花序顶生和腋生,长4-10厘米,有多数花,序轴密被短柔毛稀无毛;苞片叶状,披针形,长0.5-2厘米,两面沿脉被微毛或两面近无毛,边缘有锯齿,宿存或脱落,小苞片2,线形或卵形,长1-3毫米,密被微毛或无毛;花梗短,长1-4毫米,密被短毛或近无毛;萼筒密被短柔毛或茸毛,稀近无毛,萼齿短小,三角形,长1毫米左右,密被短毛或无毛;花冠白色,筒状,有时略呈坛状,长5-7毫米,外面密被短柔毛,稀近无毛,内面有疏柔毛,口部裂片短小,三角形,外折;雄蕊内藏,长4-5毫米,花丝细长,长2-2.5毫米,密被疏柔毛,药室背部无距,药管长为药室的2-2.5倍;花盘密生短柔毛。浆果直径5-8毫米,熟时紫黑色,外面通常被短柔毛,稀无毛。花期6-7月,果期8-10月。
分布(Distribution):产台湾省、华东、华中、华南至西南。生于丘陵地带或海拔400-1400米的山地,常见于山坡林内或灌丛中。朝鲜、日本,南至中南半岛诸国也有。
用途(Use):
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 14 Page 487
Vaccinium bracteatum Thunberg in Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14. 363. 1784.
南烛 nan zhu  | Ericaceae  | Vaccinium
Shrubs or small trees, evergreen, 2–6(–9) m tall, much branched. Twigs inconspicuously angled, pubescent or glabrous; bud scales inconspicuous. Leaves scattered; petiole 2–8 mm, puberulous or glabrous; leaf blade elliptic, rhombic- or lanceolate-elliptic, or lanceolate, rarely obovate, (1.1–)4–9 × (0.7–)2–4 cm, thinly leathery, glabrous, secondary veins 5–7 pairs, barely raised, fine veins conspicuous or not, base cuneate, broadly cuneate, or obtuse, margin plane, denticulate, apex acute, acuminate, rarely rounded or long acuminate. Inflorescences pseudoterminal, racemose, 4–10 cm, densely pubescent, rarely glabrous, many flowered; bracts persistent or caducous, leaflike, lanceolate, 0.5–2 cm. Pedicel ca. 4 mm, densely pubescent or subglabrous. Hypanthium densely pubescent or tomentellate, rarely subglabrous; calyx limb ca. 1 mm, triangular-toothed. Corolla white, rarely reddish, tubular or slightly urceolate, 5–7 mm, densely pubescent; lobes reflexed, triangular. Filaments 2–2.5 mm, densely pilose; anthers 2–2.5 mm, without spurs; tubules 2–2.5 × as long as thecae. Berry 10-pseudoloculed, dark purple, pubescent. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Oct.
Forests, thickets, grassy places at roadsides; 400–1500(–1900) m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Cambodia, Indonesia, S Japan, Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam].
This species is used medicinally and to stain cooked rice.
乌饭树Vaccinium bracteatum

乌饭树Vaccinium bracteatum

乌饭树Vaccinium bracteatum

乌饭树Vaccinium bracteatum(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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