火红杜鹃Rhododendron neriiflorum

中文名(Chinese Name):火红杜鹃
学名(Scientific Name):Rhododendron neriiflorum Franch.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):
异名(Synonym):Rhododendron neriiflorum subsp. phoenicodum (I. B. Balfour et Forrest) Tagg  Rhododendron neriiflorum subsp. euchaites (I. B. Balfour et Forrest) Tagg  Rhododendron neriiflorum var. euchaites (I. B. Balfour et Forrest) Davidian  Rhododendron euchaites Balf. f. et Forrest  Rhododendron phoenicodum Balf. f. et Forrest
科属(Family & Genus):杜鹃花科(Ericaceae)杜鹃属
形态特征(Description):常绿灌木,高1-3米;树皮灰褐色,片状剥落;小枝初被白色绒毛,后变为无毛,在花序下的小枝直径3.2-4毫米;顶生冬芽卵圆形,长1.3厘米,近于无毛。叶坚革质,长圆形至倒卵形,长4-9厘米,宽1.5-3.5厘米,先端钝或圆,有小突尖头,基部钝圆,边缘反卷,上面淡绿色,下面灰绿带白色,平坦,无毛,略有乳头状小突起,中脉在上面凹下,下面凸起,侧脉15-17对,在上面稍凹下,下面不显明;叶柄紫色,长1-1.5厘米,成长后无毛。伞形花序顶生,有花5-12朵;总轴长近1厘米,被褐色绒毛;花梗长1-1.3厘米,被淡黄褐色绒毛;花萼肉质,亮绿红色,形状变化大,长4-10毫米,无毛,裂片5,宽卵形,不等长;花冠管状钟形,长3-4.5厘米,直径3.4-4厘米,肉质,亮深红色,无毛,内面基部有5枚深色的蜜腺囊,裂片5,圆形,直径约1.5厘米,有缺刻;雄蕊10,不等长,长1.8-2.9厘米;花丝带紫红色,无毛;花药紫黑色,长圆形,长2.5-3毫米;子房狭圆锥形,先端渐尖连至花柱基部,长近7毫米,直径2.5毫米,略有肋纹,密被白色至淡黄褐色绒毛,花柱细圆柱形,带紫红色,长近3厘米,基部被有淡黄褐色绒毛,稍伸出花冠外,柱头小,截形。蒴果圆柱形,弯曲,长2.2厘米,直径5毫米,有肋纹及毛被残迹。花期4-5月,果期9-10月。
分布(Distribution):产云南和西藏。生于海拔2550-3600米的铁杉杜鹃林或杂木林中。缅甸也有。
用途(Use):
引自中国植物志英文版 FOC Vol. 14 
Rhododendron neriiflorum Franchet, Bull. Soc. Bot. France. 33: 230. 1886.
火红杜鹃 huo hong du juan | Apiaceae  | Rhododendron
Shrubs 1–3 m tall; bark gray-brown, usually falling off in flakes; young shoots 3–4 mm in diam. below inflorescence, whitish tomentose, glabrescent. Petiole purple, 10–15 mm, glabrous when mature or glandular; leaf blade leathery, oblong to obovate, 4–11 × 1.5–3.5 cm; base obtuse; apex obtuse or rounded, apiculate; abaxial surface glaucous, glabrous, epidermis papillate, sometimes markedly so and with strong reticulations; adaxial surface green, smooth, glabrous; midrib prominent abaxially, grooved adaxially; lateral veins 15–17-paired. Inflorescence umbellate, 5–12-flowered; rachis ca. 10 mm, tomentose. Pedicel 1–1.5 cm, sparsely stellate-tomentose; calyx fleshy when well-developed; lobes 5, 4–10 mm, glabrous; corolla tubular-campanulate, fleshy, crimson or bright red, 3–4.5 cm, with 5 dark crimson basal nectar pouches; lobes 5, rounded, ca. 1.5 cm, emarginate; stamens 10, unequal, 1.8–2.9 cm, filaments purple, glabrous; ovary conoid, tapering into style ca. 7 mm, densely tomentose, glandular, rarely glabrous; style glabrous. Capsule cylindric, ca. 22 × 5 mm, with remnants of indumentum. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Sep–Oct.
Mixed forests, Pinus forests, Rhododendron forests, bamboo forests; 2100–3600 m. SE Xizang, W Yunnan [Bhutan, NE India, Myanmar].
火红杜鹃Rhododendron neriiflorum

火红杜鹃Rhododendron neriiflorum

火红杜鹃Rhododendron neriiflorum




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