杜仲Eucommia ulmoides
中文名（Chinese Name）：杜仲
学名（Scientific Name）：Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：
科属（Family & Genus）：杜仲科（Eucommiaceae）杜仲属
形态特征（Description）：落叶乔木，高达20米，胸径约50厘米；树皮灰褐色，粗糙，内含橡胶，折断拉开有多数细丝。嫩枝有黄褐色毛，不久变秃净，老枝有明显的皮孔。芽体卵圆形，外面发亮，红褐色，有鳞片6-8片，边缘有微毛。叶椭圆形、卵形或矩圆形，薄革质，长6-15厘米，宽3.5-6.5厘米；基部圆形或阔楔形，先端渐尖；上面暗绿色，初时有褐色柔毛，不久变秃净，老叶略有皱纹，下面淡绿，初时有褐毛，以后仅在脉上有毛；侧脉6-9对，与网脉在上面下陷，在下面稍突起；边缘有锯齿；叶柄长1-2厘米，上面有槽，被散生长毛。花生于当年枝基部，雄花无花被；花梗长约3毫米，无毛；苞片倒卵状匙形，长6-8毫米，顶端圆形，边缘有睫毛，早落；雄蕊长约1厘米，无毛，花丝长约1毫米，药隔突出，花粉囊细长，无退化雌蕊。雌花单生，苞片倒卵形，花梗长8毫米，子房无毛，1室，扁而长，先端2裂，子房柄极短。翅果扁平，长椭圆形，长3-3.5厘米，宽1-1.3厘米，先端2裂，基部楔形，周围具薄翅；坚果位于中央，稍突起，子房柄长2-3毫米，与果梗相接处有关节。种子扁平，线形，长1.4-1.5厘米，宽3毫米，两端圆形。早春开花，秋后果实成熟。
分布（Distribution）：产陕西、甘肃、河南、湖北、四川、云南、贵州、湖南及浙江等省区，生于海拔300-500米的低山，谷地或低坡的疏林里。
用途（Use）：树皮药用，作为强壮剂及降血压，并能医腰膝痛，风湿及习惯性流产等。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 9 Page 43
Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 20: t. 1950. 1891.
杜仲 du zhong | Eucommiaceae | Eucommia
Trees to 20 m tall. Trunk to 50 cm d.b.h.; bark gray-brown, scabrous. Young branches yellow-brown pubescent at first, soon glabrate, old ones conspicuously lenticellate. Buds shiny red-brown; scales 6–8, margin puberulous. Petiole 1–2.5 cm, sparsely villous; leaf blade pale green adaxially when old, 5–15 × 2.5–7 cm, brown pubescent at first, later pubescent only along veins, lateral veins 6–9-paired, together with reticulate veins slightly prominent abaxially, concave adaxially. Male flowers: stamens ca. 1 cm, glabrous, filaments ca. 1 mm. Female flower: ovary ca. 1 cm, glabrous. Samara 2.5–3.5 × 1–1.3 cm; stipe 2–5 mm, articulate at 1–3 mm pedicel. Seed 1.3–1.5 cm × ca. 3 mm. Fl. Mar–May, fr. Jun–Nov.
Mixed forests, sparse forests, thickets, lower mountains, ridges, valleys, dry ravines, fields, also widely cultivated and locally becoming naturalized; 100--2000 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang; cultivated in Anhui and Beijing.
Eucommia ulmoides is a rare species in the wild in China, although it is much cultivated. The timber is used for furniture and fuel; the bark, which contains aucubin, is used medicinally as an invigorator, a tonic for arthritis, and for reducing blood pressure; and the solidified latex is used for lining pipes, insulating electric cables, and for filling teeth.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：
科属（Family & Genus）：杜仲科（Eucommiaceae）杜仲属
形态特征（Description）：落叶乔木，高达20米，胸径约50厘米；树皮灰褐色，粗糙，内含橡胶，折断拉开有多数细丝。嫩枝有黄褐色毛，不久变秃净，老枝有明显的皮孔。芽体卵圆形，外面发亮，红褐色，有鳞片6-8片，边缘有微毛。叶椭圆形、卵形或矩圆形，薄革质，长6-15厘米，宽3.5-6.5厘米；基部圆形或阔楔形，先端渐尖；上面暗绿色，初时有褐色柔毛，不久变秃净，老叶略有皱纹，下面淡绿，初时有褐毛，以后仅在脉上有毛；侧脉6-9对，与网脉在上面下陷，在下面稍突起；边缘有锯齿；叶柄长1-2厘米，上面有槽，被散生长毛。花生于当年枝基部，雄花无花被；花梗长约3毫米，无毛；苞片倒卵状匙形，长6-8毫米，顶端圆形，边缘有睫毛，早落；雄蕊长约1厘米，无毛，花丝长约1毫米，药隔突出，花粉囊细长，无退化雌蕊。雌花单生，苞片倒卵形，花梗长8毫米，子房无毛，1室，扁而长，先端2裂，子房柄极短。翅果扁平，长椭圆形，长3-3.5厘米，宽1-1.3厘米，先端2裂，基部楔形，周围具薄翅；坚果位于中央，稍突起，子房柄长2-3毫米，与果梗相接处有关节。种子扁平，线形，长1.4-1.5厘米，宽3毫米，两端圆形。早春开花，秋后果实成熟。
分布（Distribution）：产陕西、甘肃、河南、湖北、四川、云南、贵州、湖南及浙江等省区，生于海拔300-500米的低山，谷地或低坡的疏林里。
用途（Use）：树皮药用，作为强壮剂及降血压，并能医腰膝痛，风湿及习惯性流产等。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 9 Page 43
Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 20: t. 1950. 1891.
杜仲 du zhong | Eucommiaceae | Eucommia
Trees to 20 m tall. Trunk to 50 cm d.b.h.; bark gray-brown, scabrous. Young branches yellow-brown pubescent at first, soon glabrate, old ones conspicuously lenticellate. Buds shiny red-brown; scales 6–8, margin puberulous. Petiole 1–2.5 cm, sparsely villous; leaf blade pale green adaxially when old, 5–15 × 2.5–7 cm, brown pubescent at first, later pubescent only along veins, lateral veins 6–9-paired, together with reticulate veins slightly prominent abaxially, concave adaxially. Male flowers: stamens ca. 1 cm, glabrous, filaments ca. 1 mm. Female flower: ovary ca. 1 cm, glabrous. Samara 2.5–3.5 × 1–1.3 cm; stipe 2–5 mm, articulate at 1–3 mm pedicel. Seed 1.3–1.5 cm × ca. 3 mm. Fl. Mar–May, fr. Jun–Nov.
Mixed forests, sparse forests, thickets, lower mountains, ridges, valleys, dry ravines, fields, also widely cultivated and locally becoming naturalized; 100--2000 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang; cultivated in Anhui and Beijing.
Eucommia ulmoides is a rare species in the wild in China, although it is much cultivated. The timber is used for furniture and fuel; the bark, which contains aucubin, is used medicinally as an invigorator, a tonic for arthritis, and for reducing blood pressure; and the solidified latex is used for lining pipes, insulating electric cables, and for filling teeth.
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