古柯Erythroxylum novogranatense

中文名(Chinese Name):古柯
学名(Scientific Name):Erythroxylum novogranatense (Morris) Hieron.
英文名(English Common Name):Colombian coca
别名(Chinese Common Name):古加、爪哇古柯
异名(Synonym):Erythroxylum coca var. novogranatense D. Morris  Erythroxylum coca var. spruceanum Burck  Erythroxylum novogranatense var. microphyllum O.E.Schulz
科属(Family & Genus):古柯科(Erythroxylaceae)古柯属
形态特征(Description):灌木或小灌木。树皮褐色,小枝干后黑褐色或棕揭色。单叶互生,表面绿色,干后墨绿色或榄绿色,背面浅黄色,干后灰色或灰黄色,倒卵形或狭椭圆形,长47-12毫米,宽18-10毫米,顶部钝圆、微凹入,中有一小凸尖,基部狭渐尖,全缘,表面主脉凹陷,背面主脉的两侧各有纵脉1条,两侧纵脉外的叶脉相连成网状;叶柄长4-7毫米;托叶三角形,长1.5-3毫米。花小,黄白色,1-6朵,单生或簇生于叶腋内,花蕾期花梗极短,开花期花梗伸长达4毫米;萼片5,长约1.5毫米,基部合生成环状;花瓣5,卵状长圆形,长3-3.5毫米,内面有2枚长1-1.5毫米的舌状体贴生于基部;雄蕊10,基部合生成浅杯状,不等长或近等长,长2-4毫米;子房近圆形或长圆形,长1-3.5毫米。3室,1室发育,每室有胚珠1颗;花柱3,分离,长1-3毫米,宿存。成熟核果红色,长圆形,有5条纵棱,长7-8毫米,宽3毫米,顶部渐尖,有种子1粒。全年开花,盛花期常为2-3月,果期5-12月。
分布(Distribution):原产南美洲高山地区,我国华南、西南引种栽培。
用途(Use):叶味涩,微苦,温,为兴奋剂和强壮剂,用以解除疲劳。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 11 Page 39
Erythroxylum novogranatense (D. Morris) Hieronymus, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 20(Beibl. 49): 35. 1895.
古柯 gu ke | Erythroxylaceae  | Erythroxylum
Erythroxylum coca Lamarck var. novogranatense D. Morris, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1889: 5. 1889.
Shrubs or small trees. Stipules triangular, 1.5-3 mm, margin often entire. Leaves alternate, simple; petiole 4-7 mm; leaf blade obovate to narrowly elliptic, 1.2-4.7 × 1-1.8 cm, midvein adaxially impressed, secondary veins anastomosing into an obvious intramarginal vein in each side of midvein, base attenuate, margin entire, apex obtuse to retuse and with a mucro. Flowers solitary or fascicled, small. Pedicel to 4 mm at anthesis. Sepals 5, ca. 1.5 mm, basally connate. Petals 5, whitish yellow, ovate-oblong, 3-3.5 mm, with 2 ligules on inner face at base. Stamens 10; filament basally connate into a tube, 2-4 mm. Ovary globose to oblong, 1-3.5 mm, 3-locular, with 1 ovule in only fertile locule; styles distinct, 1-3 mm, persistent. Mature drupe red, oblong, 7-8 × ca. 3 mm, with 5 longitudinal ribs, 1-seeded. Fl. most of year but mostly Feb-Mar, fr. May-Dec.
Cultivated. Guangdong, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan [native to South America].
This species is used medicinally and as a narcotic.
古柯Erythroxylum novogranatense

古柯Erythroxylum novogranatense

古柯Erythroxylum novogranatense

古柯Erythroxylum novogranatense(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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