正木Euonymus japonicus

正木Euonymus japonicus

正木Euonymus japonicus

正木Euonymus japonicus

中文名(Chinese Name):正木
学名(Scientific Name):Euonymus japonicus Thunb.
英文名(English Common Name):Japanese spindletree
别名(Chinese Common Name):冬青卫矛、大叶黄杨
异名(Synonym):Masakia japonica (Thunb.) Nakai  Euonymus sinensis Carrière  Euonymus japonica Wall.  Cassine fortunei (Turcz.) Kuntze  Elaeodendron javanicum Turcz.  Euonymus carrierei Dippel  Euonymus pulchellus Dippel  Euonymus fortunei var. alticola Hand.-Mazz.  Euonymus repens Carrière  Euonymus japonicus var. litoralis Konta & S.Matsumoto  Euonymus japonicus var. radicifer Nakai  Euonymus japonicus var. rugosus Nakai  Euonymus kewensis Hesse  Pragmotessara japonica Pierre
科属(Family & Genus):卫矛科(Celastraceae)卫矛属
形态特征(Description):灌木,高可达3米;小枝四棱,具细微皱突。叶革质,有光泽,倒卵形或椭圆形,长3-5厘米,宽2-3厘米,先端圆阔或急尖,基部楔形,边缘具有浅细钝齿;叶柄长约1厘米。聚伞花序5-12花,花序梗长2-5厘米,2-3次分枝,分枝及花序梗均扁壮,第三次分枝常与小花梗等长或较短;小花梗长3-5毫米;花白绿色,直径5-7毫米;花瓣近卵圆形,长宽各约2毫米,雄蕊花药长圆状,内向;花丝长2-4毫米;子房每室2胚珠,着生中轴顶部。蒴果近球状,直径约8毫米,淡红色;种子每室1,顶生,椭圆状,长约6毫米,直径约4毫米,假种皮桔红色,全包种子。花期6-7月,果熟期9-10月。
分布(Distribution):本种于日本发现,我国南北均有栽培。
用途(Use):
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 11 Page 451, 452, 453
Euonymus japonicus Thunberg, Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. 3: 208. 1780.
冬青卫矛 dong qing wei mao| Celastraceae  | Euonymus
Euonymus sinensis Carrière (1883), not E. chinensis Loureiro (1790), nor Lindley (1826).
Evergreen shrubs or small trees, erect, to 3 m tall, sometimes dwarfed; branches gray-green to gray-brown, terete, glabrous, sturdy, twigs green to light green, glabrous, not evidently striate, especially when fresh. Petiole 3-10 mm; leaf blade leathery or thickly leathery, ovate, obovate, orbicular-ovate, or long ovate, (3-)5-10(-12) × (2-)3-5(-5.5) cm, base orbicular or semiorbicular, margin crenulate distally, nearly entire proximally, apex orbicular or semiorbicular; lateral veins 6-8 pairs, slightly visible or unclear, especially when dry. Cymes usually axillary, sometimes terminal, many branched with many flowers; peduncle up to 8 cm, sub-branches 2-4 cm; pedicel 4-7 mm. Flowers 4-merous, 5-6 mm in diam.; sepals nearly orbicular; petals green or yellowish green, sometimes cream, nearly orbicular. Capsule globose or subglobose, brown or yellow-brown to red-brown, 6-9(-12) mm in diam., 4-lobed. Seeds 2 per locule, dark brown, globose; aril orange-red. Fl. Apr-Aug, fr. Aug-Jan.
Cultivated, especially in gardens and arboreta; near sea level to 1400 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan (Lan Yu), Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [native to Japan; cultivated in Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Korea, Laos, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam; also cultivated in Africa, Europe, North America, Oceania, South America].
This species is a native of Japan, and it is from here that the cultivated form was introduced to the world. Euonymus japonicus, especially in the cultivated condition, is very similar to E. fortunei. The native species differs by having an erect habit vs. climbing or procumbent in E. fortunei. Ding Hou used the name E. japonicus (Fl. Males., Ser. 1, Spermat. 6: 252. 1963) to represent the taxa in S and SE Asia; however, it is E. fortunei that is native to this region, while E. japonicus is only cultivated in the area.
(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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