中文名（Chinese Name）：红木
学名（Scientific Name）：Bixa orellana L.
英文名（English Common Name）：Lipsticktree
别名（Chinese Common Name）：胭脂树、胭脂木
异名（Synonym）：Orellana americana var. leiocarpa Kuntze；Orellana americana (Poir.) Kuntze；Orellana orellana (L.) Kuntze；Bixa acuminata Bojer；Bixa americana Poir.；Bixa katangensis Delpierre；Bixa odorata Ruiz & Pav. ex G.Don；Bixa orellana f. leiocarpa (Kuntze) J.F.Macbr.；Bixa orellana var. leiocarpa (Kuntze) Standl. & L.O.Williams；Bixa orleana Noronha；Bixa purpurea Sweet；Bixa tinctaria Salisb.；Bixa upatensis Ram.Goyena 
科属（Family & Genus）：红木科（Bixaceae）红木属
形态特征（Description）：常绿灌木或小乔木，高2-10米；枝棕褐色，密被红棕色短腺毛。叶心状卵形或三角 状卵形，长10-20厘米，宽5-13（-16）厘米，先端渐尖，基部圆形或几截形，有时略呈 心形，边缘全缘，基出脉5条，掌状，侧脉在顶端向上弯曲，上面深绿色，无毛，下面淡绿色，被树脂状腺点；叶柄长2.5-5厘米，无毛。圆锥花序顶生，长5-10厘米，序梗粗壮，密被红棕色的鳞片和腺毛；花较大，直径4-5厘米，萼片5，倒卵形，长8-10毫米，宽约7毫米，外面密被红褐色鳞片，基部有腺体，花瓣5，倒卵形，长1-2厘米，粉红色；雄蕊多数，花药长圆形，黄色，2室，顶孔开裂；子房上位，1室，胚珠多数，生于2侧膜胎座上，花柱单-，柱头2浅裂。蒴果近球形或卵形，长2.5-4 厘米，密生栗褐色长刺，刺长1-2厘米，2瓣裂。种子多数，倒卵形，暗红色。
分布（Distribution）：产热带美洲，云南、广东、福建、台湾等地有栽培。
用途（Use）：种子外皮可做红色染料，供染果点和纺织物用；树皮可作绳索；种子供药用，为收敛退 热剂。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 13 Page 71
Bixa orellana Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 512. 1753.
红木 hong mu | Bixaceae  | Bixa
Shrubs or small trees, evergreen, 2-5(-10) m tall. Branches brown, densely red-brown glandular hairy. Petiole erect, 2.5-5 cm, glabrous; leaf blade abaxially pale green, with resinlike gland dots, adaxially deep green, cordate-ovate or triangular-ovate, (5-)10-25 × (3.3-)5-13(-16.5) cm, palmately 5-veined, glabrous, base rounded or subtruncate, sometimes slightly cordate, margin entire, apex acuminate. Panicles robust, often flat-topped, 5-10 cm, densely red-brown scaly and glandular hairy; bracts caducous, leaving scalelike scars. Flowers 4-5 cm in diam.; pedicel 4-12 mm. Sepals obovate, 8-10 × ca. 7 mm, densely red-brown scaly, with glands at base. Petals bright pink, mauve, or white with pale red veins, obovate, (1-)1.5-3 × 0.8-2 cm. Stamens many; anthers yellow, apically dehiscent. Capsule subglobose or ovoid, slightly laterally compressed, (1.4-)2-4.5 cm, usually densely purple-brown spiny, rarely smooth; spines 1-2 cm. Seeds numerous, red-brown, obovoid-angular, 4-5 mm.
Cultivated, tolerant of poor soils but intolerant of shade. Guangdong, Taiwan, Yunnan [native to tropical America; cultivated pantropically].
Bixa orellana is cultivated for the red, oil-soluble pigment, bixin, which is contained in the seed coat. It is used commercially as a food colorant and as a fabric dye. A paste prepared from the seeds is used as a skin paint (a common name is "lipstick tree") and as a condiment. Other parts of the plant are widely used in tropical America for a variety of medicinal purposes.

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