羊角拗Strophanthus divaricatus

羊角拗Strophanthus divaricatus

羊角拗Strophanthus divaricatus

羊角拗Strophanthus divaricatus

中文名(Chinese Name):羊角拗
学名(Scientific Name):Strophanthus divaricatus (Lour.) Hook. & Arn.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):羊角扭、羊名树
异名(Synonym):Emericia divaricata (Lour.) Roem. et Schult.;Periploca divaricata (Lour.) Spreng.;Nerium chinense Hunter ex Roxb.;Pergularia divaricata Lour.;Strophanthus chinensis (Hunter ex Roxb.) G. Don;Strophanthus dichotomus var. chinensis Ker Gawl.;Strophanthus divergens Graham;Vallaris divaricata (Lour.) G. Don;Faskia divaricata (Lour.) Lour. ex B.A.Gomes;Streptocaulon divaricatum (Lour.) G. Don 
科属Family & Genus):夹竹桃科(Apocynaceae)羊角拗属
形态特征Description):灌木,高达2米,全株无毛,上部枝条蔓延,小枝圆柱形,棕褐色或暗紫色,密被灰白色圆形的皮孔。叶薄纸质,椭圆状长圆形或椭圆形,长3-10厘米,宽1.5-5厘米,顶端短渐尖或急尖,基部楔形,边缘全缘或有时略带微波状,叶面深绿色,叶背浅绿色,两面无毛;中脉在叶面扁平或凹陷,在叶背略凸起,侧脉通常每边6条,斜曲上升,叶缘前网结;叶柄短,长5毫米。聚伞花序顶生,通常着花3朵,无毛;总花梗长0.51.5厘米;花梗长0.5-1厘米;苞片和小苞片线状披针形,长5-10毫米;花黄色;花萼筒长5毫米,萼片披针形,长8-9毫米,基部宽2毫米,顶端长渐尖,绿色或黄绿色,内面基部有腺体;花冠漏斗状,花冠筒淡黄色,长1.2-1.5厘米,下部圆筒状,上部渐扩大呈钟状,内面被疏短柔毛,花冠裂片黄色外弯,基部卵状披针形,顶端延长成一长尾带状,长达10厘米,基部宽0.4-0.5厘米,裂片内面具由10枚舌状鳞片组成的副花冠,高出花冠喉部,白黄色,鳞片每2枚基部合生,生于花冠裂片之间,顶部截形或微凹,长3毫米,宽1毫米;雄蕊内藏,着生在冠簷基部,花丝延长至花冠筒上呈肋状凸起,被短柔毛,花药箭头形,基部具耳,药隔顶部渐尖成一尾状体,不伸出花冠喉部,各药相连,腹部粘于柱头上;子房半下位,由2枚离生心皮组成,无毛,花柱圆柱状,柱头棍棒状,顶端浅裂,每心皮有胚珠多颗;无花盘。蓇葖广叉开,木质,椭圆状长圆形,顶端渐尖,基部膨大,长10-15厘米,直径2-3.5厘米,外果皮绿色,干时黑色,具纵条纹;种子纺锤形、扁平,长1.5-2厘米,宽3-5毫米,中部略宽,上部渐狭而延长成喙,喙长2厘米,轮生着白色绢质种毛;种毛具光泽,长2.5-3厘米。花期3-7月,果期6月-翌年2月。
分布(Distribution):产贵州、云南、广西、广东及福建等地,生于丘陵山地、路边疏林中或山坡灌丛中。越南、老挝也有。
用途(Use):全株植物含毒,尤以种子,含有毒毛旋花子配基,其毒性能刺激心脏,误食致死。药用强心剂,治血管硬化、跌打、扭伤、风湿性关节炎、蛇咬伤等症;农业上用作杀虫剂及毒雀鼠,羊角拗制剂可作浸苗和拌种用。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 16 Page 178
Strophanthus divaricatus (Loureiro) Hooker & Arnott, Bot. Beechey Voy. 199. 1837.
羊角拗 yang jiao niu| Apocynaceae  | Strophanthus
Pergularia divaricata Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 1: 169. 1790; Emericia divaricata (Loureiro) Roemer & Schultes; Nerium chinense Hunter ex Roxburgh; Periploca divaricata (Loureiro) Sprengel; Strophanthus chinensis (Hunter ex Roxburgh) G. Don; S. dichotomus de Candolle var. chinensis Ker Gawler; S. divergens Graham; Vallaris divaricata (Loureiro) G. Don.
Lianas or sarmentose shrubs, stolon bearing when pruned, to 4.5 m tall, glabrous except for corolla, latex clear or yellowish. Trunk to 4 cm in diam.; branches dark gray, densely lenticellate, branchlets reddish brown. Petiole 5-10 mm; leaf blade elliptic or slightly obovate, 3-10 X 1.5-5 cm; lateral veins 4-9 pairs. Cymes 3-15-flowered; peduncle to 1.5 cm; bracts linear or narrowly ovate, deciduous. Pedicel to 1 cm. Sepals narrowly triangular, 4-11 mm. Corolla yellow, tube 0.9-1.6 cm, puberulent on both sides or glabrous inside; lobes with a red basal spot inside, ovate, to 10 cm, abruptly narrowed into pendulous tails to 1 mm wide; corona lobes 10, greenish yellow, triangular or awl-shaped, 0.9-3 mm. Anthers included, connective tail to 0.6 mm. Ovary glabrous. Follicles ellipsoid-oblong, 9-15 X 2-3.5 cm, hard, woody, divergent at 180-250°. Seeds fusiform, 1.3-2 cm, beak 1.2-3.4 cm, coma 3.5-5.5 cm. Fl. Mar-Jul. 2n = 18.
Forests, thickets; 100-1000 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Yunnan [Laos, Vietnam]
Various parts of the plant are used as heart stimulant and to treat injury and snake bites.
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