中文名（Chinese Name）：假杜鹃
学名（Scientific Name）：Barleria cristata L.
英文名（English Common Name）：crested Philippine violet
别名（Chinese Common Name）：刺血红
异名（Synonym）：Barleria cavaleriei H. Lév.；Barleria lacinlata Nees；Barleria napalensis Nees  Barleria dichotoma Roxb.；Barleria laciniata Nees；Barleria lactea Desf. ex Steud. ；Barleria napalensis var. microphylla Nees；Barleria nuda Nees；Barleria prinoides Nees；Barleria alba Lodd.；Barleria chegosa Wall.；Barleria indica L. ex T.Anderson；Barleria venulosa Nees；Lepidagathis laciniata Wall. ex Nees  
科属（Family & Genus）：爵床科（Acanthaceae）假杜鹃属
形态特征（Description）：小灌木，高达2米。茎圆柱状，被柔毛，有分枝。长枝叶柄长3-6毫米，叶片纸质，椭圆形、长椭圆形或卵形，长3-10厘米，宽1.3-4厘米，先端急尖，有时有渐尖头，基部楔形，下延，两面被长柔毛，脉上较密，全缘，侧脉4-5（7）对，长枝叶常早落；腋生短枝的叶小，具短柄，叶片椭圆形或卵形，长2-4厘米，宽1.5-2.3厘米，叶腋内通常着生2朵花。短枝有分枝，花在短枝上密集。花的苞片叶形，无柄，小苞片披针形或线形，长10-15毫米，宽约1.5毫米，先端渐尖，具锐尖头，3-5-7脉，主脉明显，边缘被贴伏或开展的糙伏毛，有时有小锯齿，齿端具尖刺。有时花退化而只有2枚不孕的小苞片；外2萼片卵形至披针形，长1.2-2厘米，前萼片较后萼片稍短，先端急尖具刺尖，基部圆，边缘有小点，齿端具刺尖，脉纹甚显著，内2萼片线形或披针形，长6-7毫米，1脉，有缘毛，花冠蓝紫色或白色，2唇形，通常长3.5-5厘米，有时可长达7.5毫米，花冠管圆筒状，喉部渐大，冠檐5裂，裂片近相等，长圆形；能育雄蕊4，2长2短，着生于喉基部，长雄蕊花药2室并生，短雄蕊花药顶端相连，下面叉开，不育雄蕊1，所有花丝均被疏柔毛，向下部较密；子房扁，长椭圆形，无毛，花盘杯状，包被子房下部，花柱线状无毛，柱头略膨大。蒴果长圆形，长1.2-1.8厘米，两端急尖，无毛。花期11-12月。
分布（Distribution）：产台湾、福建、广东、海南、广西、四川、贵州、云南和西藏等省区。生于海拔700-1100米的山坡、路旁或疏林下阴处，也可生于干燥草坡或岩石中。中南半岛、印度和印度洋一些岛屿也有分布。
用途（Use）：并栽培供观赏。药用全草，通筋活络，解毒消肿。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 19
Barleria cristata Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 636. 1753.
假杜鹃 jia du juan | Acanthaceae  | Barleria
 Barleria cristata
Credit: Harvard University Herbaria
Barleria cavaleriei H. Léveillé; B. ciliata Roxburgh; B. cristata var. mairei H. Léveillé; B. dichotoma Roxburgh; B. laciniata Nees; B. napalensis Nees.
Subshrubs to 2 m tall. Stems terete, branched, covered with soft trichomes. Petiole (0-)0.3-1 cm; leaf blade elliptic to oblong to ovate, 2-10 × 1-4 cm, both surfaces villous especially along veins, secondary veins 4-7 on each side of midvein, base cuneate and decurrent onto petiole, apex acute to sometimes acuminate. Inflorescences axillary short and dense cymes, shortly pedunculate; bracts absent; bracteoles variable, linear to linear-lanceolate, 2.4-6.5 × 0.5-1.5 cm, 3-7-veined, base cuneate, margin usually spiny but sometimes bristly pilose and becoming spinescent with age, apex acuminate. Outer calyx lobes ovate to narrowly elliptic to lanceolate, 1.2-2.5 × 0.5-1.3 cm, pilose, reticulately veined, margin spiny, apex mucronate; inner calyx lobes linear to lanceolate, 6-12 mm, 1-veined, margin scarious. Corolla purplish blue, 4.5-6.5 cm, outside pilose; tube basally narrowly cylindric then gradually widened; lobes oblong-elliptic, ca. 1.5 cm, equal. Stamens 4, didynamous; filaments pilose especially toward base; staminode 1, filament sparsely pilose. Ovary oblong-ellipsoid, glabrous; style linear, ca. 2.5 cm, glabrous; stigma slightly inflated. Capsule 1.2-1.8 cm, glabrous, 4-seeded. Seeds subglobose to ovoid, 4-5 × ca. 4 mm. Fl. May, Aug-Dec, fr. May, Oct. 2n = 40.
Roadsides, slopes, along streams, in xeric vegetation; below 100-2600 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Sichuan, Taiwan, ?Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam].
Barleria cristata is a medicinal and ornamental plant.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）