木防已 Cocculus orbiculatus
中文名（Chinese Name）：木防已
学名（Scientific Name）：Cocculus orbiculatus (L.) DC.
英文名（English Common Name）：queen coralbead
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Cocculus sarmentosus var. stenophyllus Merr. Cocculus thunbergii DC. Cocculus trilobus (Thunb.) DC. Menispermum orbiculatus L. Nephroia sarmentosa Lour. Menispermum trilobum Thunb. Cocculus sarmentosus (Lour.) Diels Cocculus sarmentosus var. linearis Yamam. Cocculus sarmentosus var. pauciflorus Y. C. Wu Cocculus cuneatus Benth. Cocculus virgatus Hbd. Cocculus integer Hbd. Cocculus lonchophyllus (Miers) Hbd. Cocculus ferrandianus Gaud. Cebatha ferrandiana (Gaudich.) Kuntze Cebatha integra (Hillebr.) Kuntze Cebatha lonchophylla (Hillebr.) Kuntze Cebatha mollis (Wall. ex Hook.f. & Thomson) Kuntze Cebatha virgata (Hillebr.) Kuntze Cocculus cynanchoides C.Presl Cocculus diantherus Hook. & Arn. Cocculus dichopetalus Turcz. Cocculus elegans (Ridl.) Ridl. Cocculus hexagynus Colebr. Cocculus nephroia DC. Cocculus orbiculatus f. macrophyllus (Nakai) S.Y.Oh Menispermum hexagynum Roxb. Menispermum ovalifolium Pers. Menispermum reniforme Spreng. Menispermum triflorum Spreng. Cocculus perraudi Lign. & Bey Cocculus triflorus DC. Cocculus umbellatus (Vahl ex Pers.) Steud. Ferrandia oleifera Gaudich. Holopeira fecunda Miers Holopeira lonchophylla Miers Nephroica cynanchoides Miers Nephroica dianthera Miers Nephroica ferrandiana Miers Nephroica hastata Miers Nephroica hexagyna Miers Nephroica mollis Miers Nephroica ovalifolius Miers Nephroica thunbergii Miers Nephroica triloba Miers
科属（Family & Genus）：防己科（Menispermaceae）木防已属
形态特征（Description）：木质藤本；小枝被绒毛至疏柔毛，或有时近无毛，有条纹。叶片纸质至近革质，形状变异极大，自线状披针形至阔卵状近圆形、狭椭圆形至近圆形、倒披针形至倒心形，有时卵状心形，顶端短尖或钝而有小凸尖，有时微缺或2裂，边全缘或3裂，有时掌状5裂，长通常3-8厘米，很少超过10厘米，宽不等，两面被密柔毛至疏柔毛，有时除下面中脉外两面近无毛；掌状脉3条，很少5条，在下面微凸起；叶柄长1-3厘米，很少超过5厘米，被稍密的白色柔毛。聚伞花序少花，腋生，或排成多花，狭窄聚伞圆锥花序，顶生或腋生，长可达10厘米或更长，被柔毛；雄花：小苞片2或1，长约0.5毫米，紧贴花萼，被柔毛；萼片6，外轮卵形或椭圆状卵形，长1-1.8毫米，内轮阔椭圆形至近圆形，有时阔倒卵形，长达2.5毫米或稍过之；花瓣6，长1一2毫米，下部边缘内折，抱着花丝，顶端2裂，裂片叉开，渐尖或短尖；雄蕊6，比花瓣短；雌花：萼片和花瓣与雄花相同；退化雄蕊6，微小；心皮6，无毛。核果近球形，红色至紫红色，径通常7-8毫米；果核骨质，径约5-6毫米，背部有小横肋状雕纹。
分布（Distribution）：我国除西北部及西藏外均有分布，生于灌丛、村边、林缘等处。广布于亚洲东南部和东部以及夏威夷群岛。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 7 Page 12
木防己 mu fang ji | Menispermaceae | Cocculus
Cocculus orbiculatus (Linnaeus) Candolle, Syst. Nat. 1: 523. 1817.
Woody vines. Young branches striate, puberulent to subglabrous. Petiole 1-3(-5) cm, whitish tomentose or pubescent; leaf blade variable in shape, linear-lanceolate to broadly ovate, narrowly elliptic to rotund, oblanceolate to obcordate, sometimes 3(-5)-lobed, 3-8(-10) cm, variable in width, papery to thinly leathery, both surfaces puberulent to glabrous, base rounded to truncate, occasionally broadly cuneate or shallowly cordate, margin entire, apex acute or obtuse, with a finely mucronate acumen, sometimes slightly emarginate or 2-lobed, palmately 3(or 5)-veined, basal pair of veins usually obscure beyond middle of leaf blade, slightly raised abaxially. Inflorescences axillary, cymose, few flowered, or many flowered arranged in a narrow terminal or axillary thyrse, up to 10 cm or longer, puberulent. Male flowers: bracteoles 1 or 2, ca. 0.5 mm, closely adnate to sepals, puberulent; sepals 6, outer whorl ovate or elliptic-ovate, 1-1.8 mm, inner whorl broadly elliptic to rotund, sometimes broadly obovate, up to 2.5 mm or slightly longer; petals 6, 1-2 mm, with sides shortly above base folded inward around opposite filament, apex divided into 2 acuminate or acute lobes; stamens 6, shorter than petals. Female flowers: sepals and petals as in male flower; staminodes 6, minute; carpels 6, glabrous. Drupes rotund, red to reddish purple, usually 7-8 mm in diam.; endocarp bony, 5-6 mm in diam., abaxially ornamented with branched ridges.
Sparse forests, shrublands, village margins, forest margins; near sea level to 1200 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [E India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines; introduced in Indian Ocean islands (Mauritius, Réunion) and Pacific islands (Hawaii)].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Cocculus orbiculatus (L.) DC.
英文名（English Common Name）：queen coralbead
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Cocculus sarmentosus var. stenophyllus Merr. Cocculus thunbergii DC. Cocculus trilobus (Thunb.) DC. Menispermum orbiculatus L. Nephroia sarmentosa Lour. Menispermum trilobum Thunb. Cocculus sarmentosus (Lour.) Diels Cocculus sarmentosus var. linearis Yamam. Cocculus sarmentosus var. pauciflorus Y. C. Wu Cocculus cuneatus Benth. Cocculus virgatus Hbd. Cocculus integer Hbd. Cocculus lonchophyllus (Miers) Hbd. Cocculus ferrandianus Gaud. Cebatha ferrandiana (Gaudich.) Kuntze Cebatha integra (Hillebr.) Kuntze Cebatha lonchophylla (Hillebr.) Kuntze Cebatha mollis (Wall. ex Hook.f. & Thomson) Kuntze Cebatha virgata (Hillebr.) Kuntze Cocculus cynanchoides C.Presl Cocculus diantherus Hook. & Arn. Cocculus dichopetalus Turcz. Cocculus elegans (Ridl.) Ridl. Cocculus hexagynus Colebr. Cocculus nephroia DC. Cocculus orbiculatus f. macrophyllus (Nakai) S.Y.Oh Menispermum hexagynum Roxb. Menispermum ovalifolium Pers. Menispermum reniforme Spreng. Menispermum triflorum Spreng. Cocculus perraudi Lign. & Bey Cocculus triflorus DC. Cocculus umbellatus (Vahl ex Pers.) Steud. Ferrandia oleifera Gaudich. Holopeira fecunda Miers Holopeira lonchophylla Miers Nephroica cynanchoides Miers Nephroica dianthera Miers Nephroica ferrandiana Miers Nephroica hastata Miers Nephroica hexagyna Miers Nephroica mollis Miers Nephroica ovalifolius Miers Nephroica thunbergii Miers Nephroica triloba Miers
科属（Family & Genus）：防己科（Menispermaceae）木防已属
形态特征（Description）：木质藤本；小枝被绒毛至疏柔毛，或有时近无毛，有条纹。叶片纸质至近革质，形状变异极大，自线状披针形至阔卵状近圆形、狭椭圆形至近圆形、倒披针形至倒心形，有时卵状心形，顶端短尖或钝而有小凸尖，有时微缺或2裂，边全缘或3裂，有时掌状5裂，长通常3-8厘米，很少超过10厘米，宽不等，两面被密柔毛至疏柔毛，有时除下面中脉外两面近无毛；掌状脉3条，很少5条，在下面微凸起；叶柄长1-3厘米，很少超过5厘米，被稍密的白色柔毛。聚伞花序少花，腋生，或排成多花，狭窄聚伞圆锥花序，顶生或腋生，长可达10厘米或更长，被柔毛；雄花：小苞片2或1，长约0.5毫米，紧贴花萼，被柔毛；萼片6，外轮卵形或椭圆状卵形，长1-1.8毫米，内轮阔椭圆形至近圆形，有时阔倒卵形，长达2.5毫米或稍过之；花瓣6，长1一2毫米，下部边缘内折，抱着花丝，顶端2裂，裂片叉开，渐尖或短尖；雄蕊6，比花瓣短；雌花：萼片和花瓣与雄花相同；退化雄蕊6，微小；心皮6，无毛。核果近球形，红色至紫红色，径通常7-8毫米；果核骨质，径约5-6毫米，背部有小横肋状雕纹。
分布（Distribution）：我国除西北部及西藏外均有分布，生于灌丛、村边、林缘等处。广布于亚洲东南部和东部以及夏威夷群岛。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 7 Page 12
木防己 mu fang ji | Menispermaceae | Cocculus
Cocculus orbiculatus (Linnaeus) Candolle, Syst. Nat. 1: 523. 1817.
Woody vines. Young branches striate, puberulent to subglabrous. Petiole 1-3(-5) cm, whitish tomentose or pubescent; leaf blade variable in shape, linear-lanceolate to broadly ovate, narrowly elliptic to rotund, oblanceolate to obcordate, sometimes 3(-5)-lobed, 3-8(-10) cm, variable in width, papery to thinly leathery, both surfaces puberulent to glabrous, base rounded to truncate, occasionally broadly cuneate or shallowly cordate, margin entire, apex acute or obtuse, with a finely mucronate acumen, sometimes slightly emarginate or 2-lobed, palmately 3(or 5)-veined, basal pair of veins usually obscure beyond middle of leaf blade, slightly raised abaxially. Inflorescences axillary, cymose, few flowered, or many flowered arranged in a narrow terminal or axillary thyrse, up to 10 cm or longer, puberulent. Male flowers: bracteoles 1 or 2, ca. 0.5 mm, closely adnate to sepals, puberulent; sepals 6, outer whorl ovate or elliptic-ovate, 1-1.8 mm, inner whorl broadly elliptic to rotund, sometimes broadly obovate, up to 2.5 mm or slightly longer; petals 6, 1-2 mm, with sides shortly above base folded inward around opposite filament, apex divided into 2 acuminate or acute lobes; stamens 6, shorter than petals. Female flowers: sepals and petals as in male flower; staminodes 6, minute; carpels 6, glabrous. Drupes rotund, red to reddish purple, usually 7-8 mm in diam.; endocarp bony, 5-6 mm in diam., abaxially ornamented with branched ridges.
Sparse forests, shrublands, village margins, forest margins; near sea level to 1200 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [E India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines; introduced in Indian Ocean islands (Mauritius, Réunion) and Pacific islands (Hawaii)].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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