华中五味子Schisandra sphenanthera

中文名(Chinese Name):华中五味子
学名(Scientific Name):Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et Wils.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名Chinese Common Name):
异名Synonym):Schisandra chinensis var. rubriflora Franch.  Schisandra flaccidiramosa C. R. Sun  Schisandra grandiflora var. rubriflora (Franchet) C. K. Schneider
科属Family & Genus):木兰科Magnoliaceae五味子属Schisandra
形态特征Description):落叶木质藤本,全株无毛,很少在叶背脉上有稀疏细柔毛。冬芽、芽鳞具长缘毛,先端无硬尖,小枝红褐色,距状短枝或伸长,具颇密而凸起的皮孔。叶纸质,倒卵形、宽倒卵形,或倒卵状长椭圆形,有时圆形,很少椭圆形,长 (3) 5-11厘米,宽(1.5) 3-7厘米,先端短急尖或渐尖,基部楔形或阔楔形,干膜质边缘至叶柄成狭翅,上面深绿色,下面淡灰绿色,有白色点,1/2-2/3以上边缘具疏离、胼胝质齿尖的波状齿,上面中脉稍凹入,侧脉每边4-5条,网脉密致,干时两面不明显凸起;叶柄红色,长1-3厘米。花生于近基部叶腋,花梗纤细,长2-4.5厘米,基部具长3-4毫米的膜质苞片,花被片5-9,橙黄色,近相似,椭圆形或长圆状倒卵形,中轮的长6-12毫米,宽4-8毫米,具缘毛,背面有腺点。雄花:雄蕊群倒卵圆形,径4-6毫米;花托圆柱形,顶端伸长,无盾状附属物;雄蕊11-19 (23),基部的长1.6-2.5毫米,药室内侧向开裂,药隔倒卵形,两药室向外倾斜,顶端分开,基部近邻接,花丝长约1毫米,上部1-4雄蕊与花托顶贴生,无花丝;雌花:雌蕊群卵球形,直径5-5.5毫米,雌蕊30-60枚,子房近镰刀状椭圆形,长2-2.5毫米,柱头冠狭窄,仅花柱长0.1-0.2毫米,下延成不规则的附属体。聚合果果托长6-17厘米,径约4毫米,聚合果梗长3-10厘米,成熟小桨红色,长8-12毫米,宽6-9毫米,具短柄;种子长圆体形或肾形,长约4毫米,宽3-3.8毫米,高2.5-3毫米,种脐斜V字形,长约为种子宽约1/3;种皮褐色光滑,或仅背面微皱。花期4-7月,果期7-9月。
分布Distribution):产于山西、陕西、甘肃、山东、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、河南、湖北、湖南、四川、贵州、云南东北部。生于海拔600-3 000米的湿润山坡边或灌丛中。
用途(Use):果供药用,为五味子代用品;种子榨油可制肥皂或作润滑油。
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 7 Page 42, 43
Schisandra sphenanthera Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 414. 1913.
华中五味子 hua zhong wu wei zi| Schisandraceae  | Schisandra
Schisandra chinensis (Turczaninow) Baillon var. rubriflora Franchet; S. flaccidiramosa C. R. Sun; S. grandiflora (Wallich) J. D. Hooker & Thomson var. rubriflora (Franchet) C. K. Schneider.
Plants glabrous throughout. Young branches lacking wings; leaf-bearing branches elongated. Petiole 1.5-3.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic, ovate, or rarely obovate, 4-11(-13.5) × 2-6(-8) cm, papery, not glaucous, secondary veins (3 or)4 or 5(-8) on each side of midvein, base cuneate, broadly cuneate, or truncate, margin denticulate, serrulate, or rarely subentire or entire, apex shortly to long acuminate. Flowers axillary to fugacious bracts at base of young shoots, solitary; peduncle 0.8-5.4 cm (staminate), 1.8-6.4 cm (pistillate). Tepals 5-9, yellow, orange, or red, largest 6-11.5 × 3.5-8.5 mm. Staminate flowers: stamens 11-25, ± distinct; pollen 6-colpate. Pistillate flowers: carpels 25-45; pseudostyle small. Fruit peduncle 2-10 cm; torus 2.5-14(-22) cm; apocarps red, 5.5-9 × 4-8 mm. Seed testa ± smooth. Fl. Apr-Jul, fr. Jun-Oct.
● Forests, thickets; (200-)700-2000(-5100) m. Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, NE Yunnan, Zhejiang.
This species is a horticultural plant with edible fruit. It is used medicinally, as well as in wine and vinegar preparation and soap and lubricant manufacture.
华中五味子Schisandra sphenanthera

华中五味子Schisandra sphenanthera

华中五味子Schisandra sphenanthera(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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