五味子Schisandra chinensis

中文名(Chinese Name):五味子
学名(Scientific Name):Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):
异名(Synonym):Maximowiczia chinensis (Turcz.) Rupr.  Maximowiczia amurensis Rupr.  Schisandra chinensis var. leucocarpa P. H. Huang et L. H. Zhuo  Maximowiczia japonica (A.Gray) K.Koch  Maximowiczia sinensis Rob.  Schisandra chinensis var. glabrata Nakai ex T.Mori  Schisandra viridicarpa Y.N.Lee  Sphaerostema japonicum A.Gray
科属Family & Genus):木兰科Magnoliaceae五味子属Schisandra
形态特征Description):落叶木质藤本,除幼叶背面被柔毛及芽鳞具缘毛外余无毛;幼枝红褐色,老枝灰褐色,常起皱纹,片状剥落。叶膜质,宽椭圆形,卵形、倒卵形,宽倒卵形,或近圆形,长 (3) 5-10 (14) 厘米,宽 (2) 3-5 (9) 厘米,先端急尖,基部楔形,上部边缘具胼胝质的疏浅锯齿,近基部全缘;侧脉每边3-7条,网脉纤细不明显;叶柄长1-4厘米,两侧由于叶基下延成极狭的翅。雄花:花梗长5-25毫米,中部以下具狭卵形、长4-8毫米的苞片,花被片粉白色或粉红色,6-9片,长圆形或椭圆状长圆形,长6-11毫米,宽2-5.5毫米,外面的较狭小;雄蕊长约2毫米,花药长约1.5毫米,无花丝或外3枚雄蕊具极短花丝,药隔凹入或稍凸出钝尖头;雄蕊仅5 (6) 枚,互相靠贴,直立排列于长约0.5毫米的柱状花托顶端,形成近倒卵圆形的雄蕊群;雌花:花梗长17-38毫米,花被片和雄花相似;雌蕊群近卵圆形,长2-4毫米,心皮17-40,子房卵圆形或卵状椭圆体形,柱头鸡冠状,下端下延成1-3毫米的附属体。聚合果长1.5-8.5厘米,聚合果柄长1.5-6.5厘米;小浆果红色,近球形或倒卵圆形,径6-8毫米,果皮具不明显腺点;种子1-2粒,肾形,长4-5毫米,宽2.5-3毫米,淡褐色,种皮光滑,种脐明显凹入成U形。花期5-7月,果期7-10月。
分布Distribution):产于黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、河北、山西、宁夏、甘肃、山东。生于海拔1 200 -1 700米的沟谷、溪旁、山坡。也分布于朝鲜和日本。
用途(Use):果含有五味子素 (Schisandrin C23H3206)及维生素C、树脂、鞣质及少量糖类。有敛肺止咳、滋补涩精、止泻止汗之效。其叶、果实可提取芳香油。种仁含有脂肪油,榨油可作工业原料、润滑油。茎皮纤维柔韧,可供绳索。
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 7 Page 42, 46 
Schisandra chinensis (Turczaninow) Baillon, Hist. Pl. 1: 148. 1868.
五味子 wu wei zi Schisandraceae  | Schisandra
Kadsura chinensis Turczaninow, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 7: 149. 1837; Maximowiczia amurensis Ruprecht; M. chinensis (Turczaninow) Ruprecht ex Maximowicz; Schisandra chinensis var. leucocarpa P. H. Huang & L. H. Zhou.
Young branches lacking wings; leaf-bearing branches elongated. Petiole 0.9-4 cm, glabrous; leaf blade elliptic to obovate, 4.5-8(-10.5) × 2.5-6.5 cm, thinly papery to papery, not glaucous, venation glabrous or rarely adaxially sparsely pubescent, secondary veins (3 or)4-6(or 7) on each side of midvein, base cuneate, attenuate, or rarely broadly cuneate, margin denticulate to serrulate, apex shortly acuminate. Flowers axillary to fugacious bracts at base of young shoots, solitary; peduncle 0.6-2.8 cm (staminate), 0.7-3.5 cm (pistillate), glabrous. Tepals 5-9, white to yellow, largest 6.5-11 × 2-5 mm, glabrous. Staminate flowers: stamens (4 or)5(-7), ± distinct; pollen 6-colpate. Pistillate flowers: carpels 14-40; pseudostyle narrow to ± broadened. Fruit peduncle 2-7.5 cm, glabrous; torus 1.5-9.5 cm; apocarps pinkish red to red, 5-7.5 × 4-6 mm. Seed testa smooth. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Jul-Sep. 2n = 28.
Ravines, slopes, along rivers; 1200-1700 m. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shanxi [N Japan, Korea, Russia (Far East)].
This species is a horticultural plant with edible fruit. It is used medicinally and for making rope.
 五味子Schisandra chinensis

五味子Schisandra chinensis

五味子Schisandra chinensis(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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