野木瓜 Stauntonia chinensis

中文名Chinese Name):野木瓜
学名(Scientific Name):Stauntonia chinensis DC.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):七叶莲,沙引藤
异名(Synonym):  Stauntonia dielsiana Y. C. Wu  Stauntonia hainanensis T. Chen  Stauntonia pseudomaculata C. Y. Wu et S. H. Huang
科属Family & Genus):木通科(Lardizabalaceae)野木瓜属
形态特征Description):木质藤本。茎绿色,具线纹,老茎皮厚,粗糙,浅灰褐色,纵裂。掌状复叶有小叶5-7片;叶柄长5-10厘米;小叶革质,长圆形、椭圆形或长圆状披针形,长6-9(11.5)厘米,宽2-4厘米,先端渐尖,基部钝、圆或楔形,边缘略加厚,上面深绿色,有光泽,下面浅绿色,嫩时常密布更线色的斑点;中脉在上面凹入,侧脉和网脉在两面均明显凸起;小叶柄长6-25毫米。花雌雄同株,通常3-4朵组成伞房花序式的总状花序;总花梗纤细,基部为大型的芽鳞片所包托;花梗长2-3厘米;苞片和小苞片线状披针形,长15-18毫米。雄花:萼片外面淡黄色或乳白色,内面紫红色,外轮的披针形,长约18毫米,宽约6毫米,内轮的线状披针形,长约16毫米,宽约3毫米;蜜腺状花瓣6枚,舌状,长约1.5毫米,顶端稍呈紫红色;花丝合生为管状,长约4毫米,花药长约3.5毫米,药隔突出所成之尖角状附属体与药室近等长,退化心皮小,锥尖。雌花:萼片与雄花的相似但稍大,外轮的长可达22-25毫米;退化雄蕊长约1毫米;心皮卵状棒形,柱头偏斜的头状;蜜腺状花瓣与雄花的相似。果长圆形,长7-10厘米,直径3-5厘米;种子近三角形,长约1厘米,压扁,种皮深褐色至近黑色,有光泽。花期3-4月,果期6-10月。
分布(Distribution):产于广东、广西、香港、湖南、贵州、云南、安徽、浙江、江西、福建。生于海拔500-1300米的山地密林、山腰灌丛或山谷溪边疏林中。模式标本采自香港。
用途(Use):全株药用,民间记载有舒筋活络、镇痛排脓、解热利尿、通经导湿的作用,可用于治腋部生痈、膀胱炎、风湿骨痛、跌打损伤、水肿脚气等。据研究,对三叉神经痛、坐骨神经痛有较好的疗效。
引自植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 6 Page 449     
Stauntonia chinensis de Candolle, Syst. Nat. 1: 514. 1817.
野木瓜 ye mu gua | Lardizabalaceae  | Stauntonia
Stauntonia hainanensis T. Chen.
Monoecious. Stems green, striate; bark pale grayish brown, thick, rough. Petiole 5--10 cm; leaf blade palmately 5--7-foliolate; petiolules 0.6--2.5 cm; leaflets oblong, elliptic, or oblong-lanceolate, 6--9(--11.5) × 2--4 cm, leathery, abaxially pale green and densely pale colored maculate, adaxially dark green and shiny, base obtuse, rounded, or cuneate, margin slightly revolute, apex acuminate; midvein adaxially impressed; secondary veins and tertiary veinlets conspicuously prominent on both surfaces. Corymbose racemes 3- or 4-flowered; bracts persistent, linear-lanceolate, 1.5--1.8 cm. Pedicel 2--3 cm; bracteoles linear-lanceolate, 1.5--1.8 cm. Sepals pale yellow to creamy white abaxially, adaxially purplish red. Petals 6, slightly purplish red at apex, ca. 1.5 mm, ligulate. Male flowers: outer 3 sepals lanceolate, ca. 1.8 × 0.6 cm; inner 3 sepals linear-lanceolate, ca. 16 × 3 mm. Filaments connate into a tube ca. 4 mm; anthers ca. 3 mm; connective apical appendage hornlike, as long as anther. Pistillodes minute, subulate. Female flowers: outer 3 sepals lanceolate 2.2--2.5 × ca. 0.6 cm; inner 3 sepals like those of male flowers. Staminodes ca. 1 mm. Carpels ovoid-clavate. Stigma oblique, capitate. Fruit oblong, 7--10 × 3--5 cm. Seeds subtriangular, ca. 1 cm, compressed; seed coat dark brown to blackish, shiny. Fl. Apr--May, fr. Jun--Oct.
* Dense forest on mountain slopes, open forest by streams along valleys, among shrubs; 500--1300 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
野木瓜 Stauntonia chinensis



野木瓜 Stauntonia chinensis(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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