中文名（Chinese Name）：山牵牛
学名（Scientific Name）：Thunbergia grandiflora (Rottl. ex Willd.) Roxb.
英文名（English Common Name）：Bengal trumpet
别名（Chinese Common Name）：大花老鸦嘴
异名（Synonym）：Thunbergia chinensis Merr.  Flemingia grandiflora Roxburgh Ex Rottler  
科属（Family & Genus）：爵床科（Acanthaceae）山牵牛属
形态特征（Description）：攀缘灌木，分枝较多，可攀援很高，匍枝漫爬，小枝条稍4棱形，后逐渐复圆形，初密被柔毛，主节下有黑色巢状腺体及稀疏多细胞长毛。叶具柄，叶柄长达8厘米，被侧生柔毛；叶片卵形、宽卵形至心形，长4-9 (15)厘米，宽3-7.5厘米，先端急尖至锐尖，有时有短尖头或钝，边缘有2(4) -6(8)宽三角形裂片，两面干时棕褐色，背面较浅，上面被柔毛，毛基部常膨大而使叶面呈粗糙状，背面密被柔毛。通常5-7脉。花在叶腋单生或成顶生总状花序，苞片小，卵形，先端具短尖头；花梗长2-4厘米，被短柔毛，花梗上部连同小苞片下部有巢状腺形；小苞片2，长圆卵形，长1.5-3厘米，宽1-2厘米，先端渐尖，外面及内面先端被短柔毛，边缘甚密，内面无毛，远轴面粘合在一起；花冠管长5-7毫米，连同喉白色；喉22-25毫米，自花冠管以上膨大；冠檐蓝紫色，裂片圆形或宽卵形，长2.1-3毫米，先端常微缺；雄蕊4，花丝下面逐渐变宽，长8-10毫米，无毛，花药不外露，药隔突出成一锐尖头，药室不等大，不包括刺长7和9毫米，基部具弯曲长刺，长3和2.5毫米，另2花药仅1药室具刺，长2.5毫米，在缝处有髯毛；花粉粒直径86微米。子房近无毛，花柱无毛，长17-24毫米，柱头近相等，2裂，对折，下方的抱着上方的，不外露。蒴果被短柔毛，带种子部分直径13毫米，高18毫米，喙长20毫米，基部宽7毫米。
分布（Distribution）：产广西、广东、海南、福建鼓浪屿。生于山地灌丛。印度及中南半岛也有分布。
用途（Use）：世界热带地区广为栽培。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 19 Page 377, 378
Thunbergia grandiflora Roxburgh, Bot. Reg. 6: 495. 1820.
山牵牛 shan qian niu | Acanthaceae| Thunbergia
Thunbergia adenophora W. W. Smith; T. chinensis Merrill; T. lacei Gamble.
Vines to 10 m or longer, woody. Stems 4-angled, sulcate, pubescent. Petiole 1-7 cm, grooved, pubescent; leaf blade ovate to triangular-ovate, 5-10 × 4-8 cm, papery, both surfaces pubescent, palmately 3-7-veined, base subcordate to truncate, margin undulate, irregularly angular on basal half, or rarely entire, apex acuminate to acute. Flowers solitary, paired in leaf axils, or arranged in terminal racemes with 2-4 flowers per node; peduncle 4-7 cm, sulcate, pubescent; rachis pubescent with large cyathiform glands; apical inflorescence bracts subulate to linear-subulate, 2-6 × 1-1.5 mm, pubescent; bracteoles oblong to ovate, 2.5-4 × 1.5-2.2 cm, both surfaces pubescent, 5-7-veined, base truncate, margin entire or ciliate, apex acute with a short mucro. Calyx ca. 2 mm, annular, unlobed, densely pubescent. Corolla bluish with a yellowish throat, 4-6 cm, outside glabrous; tube basally cylindric and ca. 3 mm wide for ca. 7 mm then gradually widened to ca. 5 cm at throat; limb subactinomorphic; lobes ovate, ca. 3 × 2.5 cm. Staminal filaments 7-9 mm; anther thecae pubescent, basally appendaged. Style glabrous; stigma with 2 subequal lobes. Capsule 1.2-1.5 cm, pubescent, basal part 1.3-1.8 cm in diam., beak ca. 2.5 cm. Seeds ovate in outline, compressed, verrucose. Fl. Aug-Jan, fr. Nov-Mar. 2n = 56.
Thickets; 400-1500 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan [India, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].
Thunbergia grandiflora is naturalized in tropical regions worldwide.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）