番红花Crocus sativus

中文名(Chinese Name):番红花
学名(Scientific Name):Crocus sativus Linn.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):藏红花、西红花
异名(Synonym):Safran officinarum Medik.  Crocus officinalis (L.) Honck.  Crocus orsinii Parl.  Crocus pendulus Stokes  Geanthus autumnalis Raf.  Crocus setifolius Stokes  Crocus sativus var. cashmerianus Royle  Crocus sativus var. officinalis L.  Crocus sativus var. orsinii (Parl.) Maw  Crocus sativus subsp. orsinii (Parl.) K.Richt.
科属Family & Genus):鸢尾科(Iridaceae)番红花属
形态特征(Description):多年生草本。球茎扁圆球形,直径约3厘米,外有黄褐色的膜质包被。叶基生,9-15枚,条形,灰绿色,长15-20 厘米,宽2-3毫米,边缘反卷;叶丛基部包有4-5片膜质的鞘状叶。花茎甚短,不伸出地面;花1-2朵,淡蓝色、红紫色或白色,有香味,直径2.5-3厘米;花被裂片6,2轮排列,内、外轮花被裂片皆为倒卵形,顶端钝,长4-5厘米;雄蕊直立,长2.5厘米,花药黄色,顶端尖,略弯曲;花柱橙红色,长约4厘米,上部3分枝,分枝弯曲而下垂,柱头略扁,顶端楔形,有浅齿,较雄蕊长,子房狭纺锤形。蒴果椭圆形,长约3厘米。
分布(Distribution):原产欧洲南部,我国各地常见栽培。
用途(Use):花柱及柱头供药用,即藏红花。味辛、性温,有活血、化瘀、生新、镇痛、健胃、通经之效。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 24 Page 313
Crocus sativus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 36. 1753.
番红花 fan hong hua| Iridaceae  | Crocus
Corms ca. 3 cm in diam.; tunic light yellow or yellowish brown, reticulate fibrous. Leaves 9--15, 15--20 cm × 2--3 mm. Flowers 1 or 2, fragrant. Perianth purple; segments oblanceolate, 4--5 cm, apex obtuse. Stamens ca. 2.5 cm; anthers yellow, apex slightly curved, pointed. Style 3-branched at apex; branches recurved, deep red, 2.5 cm or more. Fertile seeds not produced.
Cultivated throughout China [widely cultivated elsewhere, probably of hybrid origin in E Mediterranean region].
The style and stigmas are used medicinally, in cooking, and in the preparation of saffron dye.
番红花Crocus sativus

番红花Crocus sativus

番红花Crocus sativus

番红花Crocus sativus
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