光棍树Euphorbia tirucalli
中文名（Chinese Name）：光棍树
学名（Scientific Name）：Euphorbia tirucalli L.
英文名（English Common Name）：Indiantree spurge
别名（Chinese Common Name）：绿玉树、绿珊瑚
异名（Synonym）：Arthrothamnus bergii Klotzsch & Garcke Arthrothamnus ecklonii Klotzsch & Garcke Arthrothamnus tirucalli (L.) Klotzsch & Garcke Tirucalia indica Raf. Tirucalia tirucalli (L.) P.V.Heath Euphorbia geayi Costantin & Gallaud Euphorbia laro Drake Euphorbia media N.E.Br. Euphorbia scoparia N.E.Br. Euphorbia suareziana Croizat Euphorbia media var. bashawei N.E.Br. Euphorbia media var. bagshawei N.E.Br. Euphorbia tirucalli var. rhipsaloides (Willd.) A.Chev.
科属（Family & Genus）：大戟科（Euphorbiaceae）大戟属
形态特征（Description）：小乔木，高2-6米，直径10-25厘米，老时呈灰色或淡灰色，幼时绿色，上部平展或分枝；小枝肉质，具丰富乳汁。叶互生，长圆状线形，长7-15毫米，宽0.7-1.5毫米，先端钝，基部渐狭，全缘，无柄或近无柄；常生于当年生嫩枝上，稀疏且很快脱落，由茎行使光合功能，故常呈无叶状态；总苞叶干膜质，早落。花序密集于枝顶，基部具柄；总苞陀螺状，高约2毫米，直径约1.5毫米，内侧被短柔毛；腺体5枚，盾状卵形或近圆形。雄花数枚，伸出总苞之外；雌花1枚，子房柄伸出总苞边缘；子房光滑无毛；花柱3，中部以下合生；柱头2裂。蒴果棱状三角形，长度与直径均约8毫米，平滑，略被毛或无毛。种子卵球状，长与直径均约4毫米，平滑；具微小的种阜。花果期7-10月。
分布（Distribution）：原产非洲安哥拉，广泛栽培于热带和亚热带。
用途（Use）： 栽培观赏
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 11 Page 289, 299
Euphorbia tirucalli Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 452. 1753.
绿玉树 lü yu shu | Euphorbiaceae | Euphorbia
Trees or shrubs, 2-6 m tall, dioecious, eventually forming trunk, 10-25 cm d.b.h.; bark rugose, gray or light. Stems green, succulent, very finely longitudinally striate. Leaves alternate, present only on new growth; stipules very small, caducous; petiole ± absent; leaf blade oblong-linear, 7-15 × 0.7-1.5 mm, base attenuate, margin entire, apex obtuse. Cyathia clustered at apex of branches, pedunculate, unisexual; involucral leaves minute, membranous, caducous; involucre turbinate, ca. 2 × 1.5 mm, shortly pubescent inside; glands 5, peltate-ovate or subrounded. Male flowers many, exserted from involucre. Female flower: ovary glabrous, exserted from involucre; styles connate below middle; stigma 2-lobed. Capsule 3-lobed, ca. 8 × 8 mm, smooth, sparsely pilose or glabrous. Seeds ovoid-globose, ca. 4 × 4 mm, smooth; caruncle small. Fl. and fr. Jul-Oct.
Cultivated and escaped. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang; also widely cultivated in greenhouses of C and N China [native to Africa (Angola); widely cultivated in tropical Asia].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Euphorbia tirucalli L.
英文名（English Common Name）：Indiantree spurge
别名（Chinese Common Name）：绿玉树、绿珊瑚
异名（Synonym）：Arthrothamnus bergii Klotzsch & Garcke Arthrothamnus ecklonii Klotzsch & Garcke Arthrothamnus tirucalli (L.) Klotzsch & Garcke Tirucalia indica Raf. Tirucalia tirucalli (L.) P.V.Heath Euphorbia geayi Costantin & Gallaud Euphorbia laro Drake Euphorbia media N.E.Br. Euphorbia scoparia N.E.Br. Euphorbia suareziana Croizat Euphorbia media var. bashawei N.E.Br. Euphorbia media var. bagshawei N.E.Br. Euphorbia tirucalli var. rhipsaloides (Willd.) A.Chev.
科属（Family & Genus）：大戟科（Euphorbiaceae）大戟属
形态特征（Description）：小乔木，高2-6米，直径10-25厘米，老时呈灰色或淡灰色，幼时绿色，上部平展或分枝；小枝肉质，具丰富乳汁。叶互生，长圆状线形，长7-15毫米，宽0.7-1.5毫米，先端钝，基部渐狭，全缘，无柄或近无柄；常生于当年生嫩枝上，稀疏且很快脱落，由茎行使光合功能，故常呈无叶状态；总苞叶干膜质，早落。花序密集于枝顶，基部具柄；总苞陀螺状，高约2毫米，直径约1.5毫米，内侧被短柔毛；腺体5枚，盾状卵形或近圆形。雄花数枚，伸出总苞之外；雌花1枚，子房柄伸出总苞边缘；子房光滑无毛；花柱3，中部以下合生；柱头2裂。蒴果棱状三角形，长度与直径均约8毫米，平滑，略被毛或无毛。种子卵球状，长与直径均约4毫米，平滑；具微小的种阜。花果期7-10月。
分布（Distribution）：原产非洲安哥拉，广泛栽培于热带和亚热带。
用途（Use）： 栽培观赏
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 11 Page 289, 299
Euphorbia tirucalli Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 452. 1753.
绿玉树 lü yu shu | Euphorbiaceae | Euphorbia
Trees or shrubs, 2-6 m tall, dioecious, eventually forming trunk, 10-25 cm d.b.h.; bark rugose, gray or light. Stems green, succulent, very finely longitudinally striate. Leaves alternate, present only on new growth; stipules very small, caducous; petiole ± absent; leaf blade oblong-linear, 7-15 × 0.7-1.5 mm, base attenuate, margin entire, apex obtuse. Cyathia clustered at apex of branches, pedunculate, unisexual; involucral leaves minute, membranous, caducous; involucre turbinate, ca. 2 × 1.5 mm, shortly pubescent inside; glands 5, peltate-ovate or subrounded. Male flowers many, exserted from involucre. Female flower: ovary glabrous, exserted from involucre; styles connate below middle; stigma 2-lobed. Capsule 3-lobed, ca. 8 × 8 mm, smooth, sparsely pilose or glabrous. Seeds ovoid-globose, ca. 4 × 4 mm, smooth; caruncle small. Fl. and fr. Jul-Oct.
Cultivated and escaped. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang; also widely cultivated in greenhouses of C and N China [native to Africa (Angola); widely cultivated in tropical Asia].
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